Clean India (Swacha Bharat) through Reuse and Recycling of Wastes

Abstract

With changed life style in India, there has been increased consumption of items of daily use and consumer durables through retail outlets. These are packed in paper, plastics, glass, metal and other containers and the discarded packing materials often end up as garbage and cause land, water and air pollution. Whereas, most of them can be recycled back for reuse and are valuable raw material. The present garbage collection, handling and disposal system is primitive and inefficient. The deficiencies and consequences are highlighted in this article along with the socio-economic benefits of systematic segregation, reuse and recycling of discarded wastes mainly packaging material. Also, possible solution to the problem by participation of the individuals, communities and authorities has been elaborated. Details of waste handling in Germany have been given as an example of efficient and effective system.

Biodegradation of Paper Wastes by Freshwater Snails: Implications for Management

“… 3 A further increase in paper waste is expected considering the multiple advantages of paper in packaging or other industries. 6 …”

“…Owing to the overwhelming use of papers in industries, markets, and households in varied forms such as cardboards, writing paper, newspaper, paper towel, baking paper, and so forth, a huge amount of paper waste is generated in different cities and rural areas. Paper wastes constitute a significant portion of the municipal solid wastes. − In India and in many other developing nations, paper wastes are recyclable components in municipal solid waste, originating from various sources, with about 34% attributable to the packaging industry. , The continued demand and utility of paper materials is evident from the increase of paper waste in municipal solid waste from 3.63% in 1996 to 9.63% in 2011 . A further increase in paper waste is expected considering the multiple advantages of paper in packaging or other industries …”

“…Paper wastes constitute a significant portion of the municipal solid wastes. − In India and in many other developing nations, paper wastes are recyclable components in municipal solid waste, originating from various sources, with about 34% attributable to the packaging industry. , The continued demand and utility of paper materials is evident from the increase of paper waste in municipal solid waste from 3.63% in 1996 to 9.63% in 2011 . A further increase in paper waste is expected considering the multiple advantages of paper in packaging or other industries …”

“…3 A further increase in paper waste is expected considering the multiple advantages of paper in packaging or other industries. 6 The paper wastes generated from various sources can be reused as an alternative source of cellulosic raw materials due to their easy availability. 8,9 Using an appropriate treatment procedure, the paper waste can lead to recycling and reuse in the form of paper pulp to generate several biocommodities.…”

Environment Protection through Recycling and Renewables (Indian Context)

“…Inappropriate waste management system is a significant threat to public health besides hampering growth and other developments including foreign investment and tourism. The present Indian Government has launched an ambitious initiative called the Clean India Campaign to combat and reverse the effects of pollution [1].…”