Clean-up and fractionation methods

Fletouris, Dimitrios

doi:10.1016/b978-044452843-8/50011-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 278 publications

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“…Additionally, competition between H + and Pb 2+ result in a net increase in H + ions in solution, consequently validating the proposed ion exchange mechanism. Furthermore, the absence of significant shifts in the N1s and O1s binding energies observed in the XPS results (Figure 5) indicates the prevalence of pure electrostatic ion exchange [78]. According to Kumar and Jain [84], ion exchange rates are dominated by diffusional limitations, therefore validating the observation that severe mass transfer limitations were present in the system for both adsorbent types.…”

Section: Adsorption Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…N1s peaks were observed between 399.5 and 399.8 eV for raw WAS, Pb-loaded raw WAS, ZnCl2 activated WAS, and Pb-loaded ZnCl2 activated WAS (Figure 5e)), characteristic of amide functional groups -as observed in the FTIR analyses [74]. N1s peaks, usually associated with heavy metal-oxygen coordination [75][76][77], provides evidence for the presence of pure ion exchange which depend entirely on coulombic attraction [78].…”

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

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High capacity Pb(II) adsorption characteristics onto raw- and chemically activated waste activated sludge

Veenhuyzen

Tichapondwa

Horstmann

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Adsorption Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

High capacity Pb(II) adsorption characteristics onto raw- and chemically activated waste activated sludge

Veenhuyzen

Tichapondwa

Horstmann

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Others have precipitated lipid from acetonitrile or other solvents by cooling in a QuEChERS (conventional QuEChERS) or related procedure [25–31]. As has been reviewed, removal of lipids from organic solvents by cooling was also practiced prior to the introduction of QuEChERS methods [32]. When we subjected beef to steps 1–4 of Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation: A salt-free way to begin quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe

Shao

Agar

Giese

2017

Journal of Chromatography A

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Cooling a 1:1 (v/v) solution of acetonitrile and water at −16° C is known to result in two clear phases. We will refer to this event as “cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation (CIPS)”. On a molar basis, acetonitrile is 71.7% and 13.6% in the upper and lower phases, respectively, in our study. The phase separation proceeds as a descending cloud of microdroplets. At the convenient temperature (typical freezer) employed here the lower phase is rather resistant to solidification, although it emerges from the freezer as a solid if various insoluble matter is present at the outset. In a preliminary way, we replaced the initial (salting-out) step of a representative QuEChERS procedure with CIPS, applying this modified procedure (“CIPS-QuEChERS”) to a homogenate of salmon (and partly to beef). Three phases resulted, where only the upper, acetonitrile-rich phase is a liquid (that is completely clear). The middle phase comprises ice and precipitated lipids, while the lower phase is the residual matrix of undissolved salmon or meat. Treating the upper phase from salmon, after isolation, with anhydrous MgSO4 and C18-Si (typical QuEChERS dispersive solid phase extraction sorbents), and injecting into a GC–MS in a nontargeted mode, gives two-fold more preliminary hits for chemicals, and also number of spiked pesticides recovered, relative to that from a comparable QuEChERS method. In part, this is because of much higher background signals in the latter case. Further study of CIPS-QuEChERS is encouraged, including taking advantage of other QuERChERS conditions.

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High‐Throughput Platform for Novel Reaction Discovery

Lü

Luo

Huang

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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Detecting the formation of new chemical bonds in high-throughput synthesis is limited by the efficiency and scalability of reaction product detection, as conventional methods for isolating product from reaction mixtures are time consuming and labor intensive. Here, we report a miniaturizable purification method that enables the rapid, high-throughput isolation of quaternary ammonium-tagged products from reaction mixtures with excellent purity using inexpensive equipment that easily can be set up in a typical organic chemistry laboratory. This novel purification technique enabled us to establish a high-throughput reaction discovery platform. We validated this platform in a screen of 1536 reactions, and one previously unreported transformation was identified.

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Clean-up and fractionation methods

Cited by 3 publications

References 278 publications

High capacity Pb(II) adsorption characteristics onto raw- and chemically activated waste activated sludge

High capacity Pb(II) adsorption characteristics onto raw- and chemically activated waste activated sludge

Cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation: A salt-free way to begin quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe

High‐Throughput Platform for Novel Reaction Discovery

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