Cleaner production of geopolymer materials: A critical review of waste-derived activators

Rathod, Nikhil; Chippagiri, Ravijanya; Ralegaonkar, Rahul V.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.502

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This highlights the necessity for developing more environmentally friendly alkaline hardeners in future endeavors. An optimal mixture is identified with a 6% alkali dosage, a silicate modulus of 1.6, and a water-to-binder (W/B) ratio of 0.3, considering both functional properties and environmental considerations [121]. Utilizing hardeners derived from waste materials holds the potential to cut down CO2 emissions by 50-60%, compared to commercially available sodium silicate.…”

Section: Energy Efficiency In Geopolymer Cement Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer Cement in Pavement Applications: Bridging Sustainability and Performance

Ikotun,

Aderinto,

Madirisha

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Sustainability and the quest for a more robust construction material cannot be divorced from each other. While Portland cement has revolutionized the construction sector, its environmental toll, particularly in greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, cannot be ignored. Addressing this dilemma requires embracing alternatives like geopolymer cement/geopolymer binder (GPC/GPB). Over the last few decades, considerable strides have been achieved in advancing GPC as a sustainable construction material, including its utilization in pavement construction. Despite these advances, gaps still exist in GPC optimal potential in pavement construction, as most studies have concentrated on specific attributes rather than on a comprehensive evaluation. To bridge this gap, this review adopts a novel, holistic approach by integrating environmental impacts with performance metrics. To set the stage, this review first delves into the geopolymer concept from a chemistry perspective, providing an essential broad overview for exploring GPC’s innovations and implications in pavement applications. The findings reveal that GPC not only significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption compared to Portland cement but also enhances pavement performance. Further, GPC concrete pavement exhibits superior mechanical, durability, and thermal properties to ensure its long-term performance in pavement applications. However, challenges to GPC utilization as a pavement material include the variability of raw materials, the need for suitable hardeners, the lack of standardized codes and procedures, cost competitiveness, and limited field data. Despite these challenges, the process of geopolymerization presents GPC as a sustainable material for pavement construction, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 9, 11, and 12.

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Section: Energy Efficiency In Geopolymer Cement Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer Cement in Pavement Applications: Bridging Sustainability and Performance

Ikotun,

Aderinto,

Madirisha

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Although AAC is considered a sustainable alternative to cement concrete, the significant increase in carbon emissions resulting from the enhanced performance of geopolymer concrete cannot be ignored [35]. The carbon emissions from AAC activated with NaOH-Na 2 SiO 3 are primarily generated by alkali activators and account for up to 80% of emissions [36,37]. Therefore, using alkali activators with lower carbon emissions is an effective approach to reduce the carbon footprint of high-performance alkali-activated concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Na2CO3 Replacement Quantity and Activator Modulus on Static Mechanical and Environmental Behaviours of Alkali-Activated-Strain-Hardening-Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

Zhuo,

Chen,

Luo

et al. 2024

Buildings

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The application of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) shows promise in reducing carbon emissions within the construction industry. However, the pursuit of enhanced performance of AAC has led to a notable increase in carbon emissions, with alkali activators identified as the primary contributors. In an effort to mitigate carbon emissions, this study introduces Na2CO3 as a supplementary activator, partially replacing sodium silicate. The objective is to develop a low-carbon alkali-activated-strain-hardening-ultra-high-performance concrete (ASUHPC). The experimental investigation explores the impact of varying levels of Na2CO3 replacement quantity (0, 0.75 Na2O%, and 1.5 Na2O%) and activator modulus (1.35, 1.5, and 1.65) on the fresh and hardened properties of ASUHPC. The augmentation of Na2CO3 replacement quantity and activator modulus are observed to extend the setting time of the paste, indicating an increase in the modulus of the activator and Na2CO3 replacement quantity would delay the setting time. While the use of Na2CO3 intensifies clustering in the fresh paste, it optimizes particle grading, resulting in higher compressive strength of ASUHPC. The tensile crack width of ASUHPC conforms to the Weibull distribution. ASUHPC with a Na2CO3 replacement quantity of 0.75 Na2O% exhibits superior crack control capabilities, maintaining a mean crack width during tension below 65.78 μm. The tensile properties of ASUHPC exhibit improvement with increasing Na2CO3 replacement quantity and activator modulus, achieving a tensile strength exceeding 9 MPa; otherwise, increasing the activator modulus to 1.5 improves the deformation capacity, reaching 8.58%. Moreover, it is observed that incorporating Na2CO3 as a supplementary activator reduces the carbon emissions of ASUHPC. After considering the tensile performance indicators, increasing the activator modulus can significantly improve environmental performance. The outcomes of this study establish a theoretical foundation for the design of low-carbon, high-performance-alkali-activated-strain-hardening-ultra—high-performance concrete.

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“…Some research has focused on activators for geopolymers derived from biomass ash waste, reducing environmental burdens 16 , while other studies have analyzed the suitability of geopolymer composites for withstanding alternating loads 17 , 18 . Additionally, modeling geopolymers based on pore size distribution and considering particle aggregation into clusters for nanostructure nucleation has been explored 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent studies, the mechanical properties of foamed geopolymers at high temperatures have been assessed, along with the optimization of fly ash parameters in geopolymers 16 , 18 . Notably, innovative systems have been proposed for studying organizational and technical objects autonomously 21 , modeling technological development 23 , and employing probabilistic models for optimal system trajectory estimation 22 , 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicriteria optimization of the composition, thermodynamic and strength properties of fly-ash as an additive in metakaolin-based geopolymer composites

Le,

Sharko,

Sharko

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This paper presents the construction of intelligent systems for selecting the optimum concentration of geopolymer matrix components based on ranking optimality criteria. A peculiarity of the methodology is replacing discrete time intervals with a sequence of states. Markov chains represent a synthetic property accumulating heterogeneous factors. The computational basis for the calculations was the digitization of experimental data on the strength properties of fly ashes collected from thermal power plants in the Czech Republic and used as additives in geopolymers. A database and a conceptual model of priority ranking have been developed, that are suitable for determining the structure of relations of the main factors. Computational results are presented by studying geopolymer matrix structure formation kinetics under changing component concentrations in real- time. Multicriteria optimization results for fly-ash as an additive on metakaolin-based geopolymer composites show that the optimal composition of the geopolymer matrix within the selected variation range includes 100 g metakaolin, 90 g potassium activator, 8 g silica fume, 2 g basalt fibers and 50 g fly ash by ratio weight. This ratio gives the best mechanical, thermal, and technological properties.

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Cleaner production of geopolymer materials: A critical review of waste-derived activators

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Geopolymer Cement in Pavement Applications: Bridging Sustainability and Performance

Geopolymer Cement in Pavement Applications: Bridging Sustainability and Performance

Effect of Na2CO3 Replacement Quantity and Activator Modulus on Static Mechanical and Environmental Behaviours of Alkali-Activated-Strain-Hardening-Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

Multicriteria optimization of the composition, thermodynamic and strength properties of fly-ash as an additive in metakaolin-based geopolymer composites

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