Cleaning of iron archaeological artefacts by cascaded arc plasma treatment

Graaf, M.J. de; Severens, R.J.; IJzendoorn, L.J. van; Munnik, F.; Meijers, H.J.M.; Kars, H.; Sanden, M.C.M. van de; Schram, D.C.

doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)08323-5

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The gap between the solution surface and the tip of the upper electrode was adjusted to be 5 mm. The inside of the tubular upper electrode (2 mm OD, 1.5 mm ID) shielded by alumina provided the path through which the mixture of He and H 2 flew at the rate of 500 and 100 ml min 21 , respectively with their total pressure approaching the atmospheric value. The surface of the metal salt solution acted as the water electrode while a stainless steel disk placed at the bottom of the solution completed the electrical connection to the power source.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platinum nanoparticles prepared by a plasma-chemical reduction method

et al. 2005

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is for very different applications, the hydrogen plasma technique can be used for archaeological metal reduction. 21 Application of electrical discharge techniques to nanoparticles preparation is nothing new. But such applications have resorted to brute force of dissipated electrical energy in decomposing related compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum nanoparticles prepared by a plasma-chemical reduction method

et al. 2005

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“…Other researchers applied DC glow discharge H 2 plasma to iron meteorites at the low temperature of 120ëC (Sjogren and Buchwald, 1991), and to archaeological objects at temperatures in the range 200-450ëC (Arnould-Pernot et al, 1994. The treatment of excavated nails in cascaded arc plasma at a pressure of 1.5Torr and in the temperature range of 400-550ëC also has been reported (de Graaf et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of plasma cleaning and conservation treatment on the corrosion layer of corroded steel – XRD evaluation

Kotzamanidi

Anastassiadis

Filippaki

et al. 2002

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials

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The application of hydrogen plasma on corroded steel and excavated iron artefacts has been studied. Transformations of the corrosion layer due to the plasma effect were investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis. The reduction of iron oxides to the stable iron oxide, magnetite, was observed for all the samples. In the case of excavated objects, the reduction to magnetite did not occur throughout the whole of the bulk of the oxides, as it does (for example) in the case of steel corroded in the laboratory. Nevertheless, excavated objects, in which a metallic core remained, were stabilised against subsequent corrosion. However, objects that are completely oxidised must be treated carefully, because treatment may result in the formation of a brittle outer layer, and there is a risk of disintegration of such items, if treated using the plasma conditioning and restoration procedure.

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“…Vaprek et al [13] reported that the plasma treatment method developed at their institute to be relatively quick, effectively in treatment of corroded iron artifacts. In particular, De Graaf [14] highlighted that the preservation of shipwreck artifacts using plasma, followed by post-treatment and chlorine removal, has been proved successful in experiments. As long as the diffusion length of active particles is not too short in low-pressure hydrogenbased plasmas, active particles can infiltrate the pores or holes in the surface, enabling the treatment of virtually the whole surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Pecvd in the Conservation of Metallic Cultural Heritage: A Review

Mohamed

Rifai

et al. 2022

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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Plasma technology is a modern, non-conventional technique with a wide range of applications in various fields. Plasma-based material processing technology aims to modify the chemical and physical properties of metallic, polymer, textile, and dielectric surfaces. Plasma processing techniques include plasma etching, cleaning, plasma surface activation and functionalization, and plasma deposition. Plasma processing has attracted the attention of cultural heritage restoration due to its low temperature, selectivity, durability, and effectiveness. The goal of this work is to introduce readers to previous studies on the different uses of plasma-based technology in the conservation and restoration of metallic cultural and historical artifacts. It focuses on the role of the different plasma-based coating techniques especially plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for archaeological and artistic metallic artifacts that need reversible coatings with a pleasing aesthetic appearance and a good barrier effect against atmospheric pollution at low temperatures.

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Cleaning of iron archaeological artefacts by cascaded arc plasma treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Platinum nanoparticles prepared by a plasma-chemical reduction method

Platinum nanoparticles prepared by a plasma-chemical reduction method

Effects of plasma cleaning and conservation treatment on the corrosion layer of corroded steel – XRD evaluation

Application of Pecvd in the Conservation of Metallic Cultural Heritage: A Review

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