Clear Representation of Surface Pathway Reactions at Ag Nanowire Cathodes in All-Solid Li–O₂ Batteries

Abstract

All-solid Li−O 2 batteries have been constructed with Ag nanowire (AgNW) cathodes coated on Au-buffered garnet ceramic electrolytes and Li anodes on the other sides. Benefiting from the clean contacts of Li + , e − , and O 2 on the AgNWs, the surface pathway reactions are demonstrated. Upon discharge, two types of Li 2 O 2 morphologies appear. The film-like Li 2 O 2 forms around the smooth surfaces of AgNWs, and hollow disk-like Li 2 O 2 forms at the joints in between the AgNWs as well as at the garnet/AgNW interfaces. The formation of films and hollow disks is in accordance with the process of O 2 + Li + + e − → LiO 2 and 2LiO 2 → Li 2 O 2 + O 2 , indicating that the disproportionation of LiO 2 occurs at the solid interfaces. During the initial charge, decomposition occurs below the potential of 3.5 V, indicating the process of Li 2 O 2 → LiO 2 + Li + + e − and LiO 2 → Li + + e − + O 2 rather than Li 2 O 2 → 2Li + + 2e − + O 2 . The Li 2 O 2 decomposition starts at the AgNWs/Li 2 O 2 interfaces, causing the film-like Li 2 O 2 to shrink and the gas to release, followed by the collapse of hollow disk-like Li 2 O 2 . The results here clearly disclose the Li−O 2 reaction mechanism at the all-solid interfaces, facilitating a deep understanding of key factors influencing the electrochemical performance of the solid-state Li−O 2 batteries. KEYWORDS: solid-state Li−O 2 batteries, all-solid interfaces, carbon-free cathodes, Li 2 O 2 growth and decomposition, environmental TEM characterization

Theoretical Design and Structural Modulation of a Surface-Functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Heterojunction Electrocatalyst for a Li–Oxygen Battery

“…The discharge product tended to be generated via the solution-mediated pathway, which may have resulted from the lower adsorbed energy of the LiO 2 molecule after a thick membrane product covered it. , Thus, the discharge process combined two different reaction mechanisms, accompanied by two typical morphologies on the electrode. This reaction process followed two steps: first, Li + + e – + O 2 → LiO 2 , and second, Li + + e – + LiO 2 → Li 2 O 2 . , In the process of charging, the toroidal substance gradually changed into a membrane substance, showing that the Li 2 O 2 gradually changed into LiO 2 and finally disappeared on the surface of the electrode. By contrast, the Li 2 O 2 grew with an uneven distribution on the TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x electrode as shown in Figure S16, which was resistant to breaking down in the subsequent charge process.…”

Condition Assessment of Solar Modules by Flash Test and Electroluminescence Test

“…Cell breakage is observed in cells B6, F1 and I3 [25]. For five more wafers, a large, obligated cell element can be observed (B2, F1, G1, G6, and I6) [31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…Cell breakage is observed in cells B6, F and I3 [25]. For five more wafers, a large, obligated cell element can be observed (B2, F1 G1, G6, and I6) [31][32][33][34][35]. Figure 11 shows the electroluminescence snapping of a solar module (PV50239 whose power was able to provide manufacturer power during the flash test.…”

Tailoring electronic-ionic local environment for solid-state Li-O 2 battery by engineering crystal structure

“…The ratio of e − /O 2 approximately equals 2.02 for A-Li-RuO 2 during charge, which is within the scope of Li 2 O 2 → LiO 2 + Li + + e − and LiO 2 → Li + + e − + O 2 processes. However, the ratio of e − /O 2 close to 2.15 for C-Li-RuO 2 is higher than that of A-Li-RuO 2 , which indicates that the products on the C-Li-RuO 2 are not completely decomposed (40). Moreover, we compared the performance of the reported SSLOBs in recent years (5,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49).…”