“…Saccharides and their polymers, renowned for their ubiquitous availability and biocompatibility, often play a fundamental role in targeted drug delivery systems . N-Acetylglucosamine, mannose, sialic acid, and hyaluronic acid , can be modified or incorporated into polymers to specifically bind to receptors such as galectins, mannose-binding lectins, siglecs, and CD44, respectively, offering promising targeted therapeutic approaches. However, most of these compounds have restricted efficacy, hindering their broader use in biomedical application. , Inspired by natural polysaccharides, glycopolymers, a class of polymers with sugar pendants attached to the backbone, were designed and prepared to mimic the interaction between carbohydrate polymers and lectins (known as carbohydrate-binding proteins for receptors on the cell membrane). ,− Mannose-based polymers are frequently utilized in studies on RAW264.7 macrophage endocytosis , and galactose-containing polymers exhibit enhanced intracellular uptake by HepG2 cells in vitro as compared to L929 and MCF-7 cells .…”