Clearance of nanoparticles from blood: effects of hydrodynamic size and surface coatings

Lu, Bingqing; Wang, Jiaqi; Hendriks, A. Jan; Nolte, Tom M.

doi:10.1039/d3en00812f

Environ. Sci.: Nano

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d3en00812f

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Clearance of nanoparticles from blood: effects of hydrodynamic size and surface coatings

Bingqing Lu,

Jiaqi Wang,

A. Jan Hendriks

et al.

Abstract: Distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in the human body is associated with the development of nano-medicines and nanotoxicity. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) tools can simulate the distribution and elimination of NPs...

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Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

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Over the past two decades, ferritin has emerged as a promising nanoparticle for drug delivery, catalyzing the development of numerous prototypes capable of encapsulating a wide array of therapeutic agents. These ferritin‐based nanoparticles exhibit selectivity for various molecular targets and are distinguished by their potential biocompatibility, unique symmetrical structure, and highly controlled size. The hollow interior of ferritin nanoparticles allows for efficient encapsulation of diverse therapeutic agents, enhancing their delivery and effectiveness. Despite these promising features, the anticipated clinical advancements have yet to be fully realized. As a physiological protein with a central role in both health and disease, ferritin can exert unexpected effects on physiology when employed as a drug delivery system. Many studies have not thoroughly evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties of the ferritin protein shell when administered in vivo, overlooking crucial aspects such as biodistribution, clearance, cellular trafficking, and immune response. Addressing these challenges is crucial for achieving the desired transition from bench to bedside. Biodistribution studies need to account for ferritin's natural accumulation in specific organs (liver, spleen, and kidneys), which may lead to off‐target effects. Moreover, the mechanisms of clearance and cellular trafficking must be elucidated to optimize the delivery and reduce potential toxicity of ferritin nanoparticles. Additionally, understanding the immune response elicited by exogenous ferritin is essential to mitigate adverse reactions and enhance therapeutic efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of these physiological constraints, along with innovative solutions, is essential to fully realize the therapeutic potential of ferritin nanoparticles paving the way for their successful clinical translation.

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Challenges in Exploiting Human H Ferritin Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Navigating Physiological Constraints

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Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, remains highly challenging due to its invasive nature, limited treatment effectiveness, and short median survival durations. Standard of care includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields; however, there has been little improvement in survival rates. Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs), coated with cell membranes and endogenous components, have immense potential for improving chemotherapy in GBM, by imitating cellular architecture and eluding immune clearance. With more individualized and efficient drug delivery, immunotherapeutic approaches and biomimetic NPs may increase patient survival rates. This article summarizes the main research on biomimetic NPs for GBM therapy, focusing on the classification, mechanisms, advantages, and challenges, along with the advancements in the development of GBM vaccines.

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Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are promising vehicles for targeted and controlled drug release. Recognized for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ease of production, CSNPs represent an effective approach to drug delivery. Encapsulating drugs within nanoparticles (NPs) provides numerous benefits compared to free drugs, such as increased bioavailability, minimized toxic side effects, improved delivery, and the incorporation of additional features like controlled release, imaging agents, targeted delivery, and combination therapies with multiple drugs. Keys parameters in nanomedicines are drug loading content and drug loading efficiency. Most current NP systems struggle with low drug loading, presenting a significant challenge to the field. This review summarizes recent research on developing CSNPs with high drug loading capacity, focusing on various synthesis strategies. It examines CSNP systems using different materials and drugs, providing details on their synthesis methods, drug loadings, encapsulation efficiencies, release profiles, stability, and applications in drug delivery. Additionally, the review discusses factors affecting drug loading, providing valuable guidelines for future CSNPs’ development.

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Clearance of nanoparticles from blood: effects of hydrodynamic size and surface coatings

Abstract: Distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in the human body is associated with the development of nano-medicines and nanotoxicity. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) tools can simulate the distribution and elimination of NPs...

Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

Challenges in Exploiting Human H Ferritin Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Navigating Physiological Constraints

Challenges in Exploiting Human H Ferritin Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Navigating Physiological Constraints

Biomimetic nanoparticle-driven strategies for targeted drug delivery in glioblastoma

Drug Loading in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles

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