“…In this model, the FL can provide useful solutions for function approximation with a high degree of flexibility along with a vigorous tool for information inference [8,12]; while the sliding mode approach can create adaptive control laws based on its thorough stability analysis capability [7,9,10,18]. In this tendency, optimization methods such as the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), Differential Evolution (DE) [31,33] or the algorithm rank-DE [34] could be employed to improve the system performance. Such advantages of the FSMC model have been effectively exploited in many fields, including suspension systems [15,16,20].…”