“…The specific objectives were to (i) create a library of calls; (ii) create an automated recognition system to detect and classify meagre calls and apply this to the acoustic files recorded between January and July; (iii) compare results between the automatic and the manual approach; and (iv) investigate diel and seasonal patterns of calling activity, namely in relation to the breeding season. [50] S ANN e [51] Sea lions I ANN d [52] ANN, artificial neural network; C, call type; GMM, Gaussian mixture model; HMM, hidden Markov model; I, individual; KNN, K-nearest neighbours; LPCC, linear prediction cepstral coefficients; MFCC, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients; MRAF, multiresolution acoustic features; S, species; SCF, spectrogram correlator filter; Sparse, Sparse classification; SPL, sound pressure level; SVM, support vector machine; a vector composed of several sound coefficients/parameters; b each vocalization was characterized by its simultaneous modulations in duty cycle and peak frequency; c features were selected using a local discriminant basis; d average logarithmic spectrum on the backpropagation network input layer; e a wavelet coefficient matrix, plus a frequency features and time feature; f SPL feature-based signal detector using a correlation coefficient to measure the matching with the training selected data; g a contour-based classifier that applies a number of noise-cancellation techniques to a spectrogram and then searches for connected regions of data which rise above a pre-determined threshold; h a generalized tonal sound detector for extracting representative frequencies of delphinid whistles; i cepstral coefficient features with first and second derivatives, unpredictability measure feature and MUSIC algorithm feature.…”