“…This poor performance has been attributed to unique industry characteristics such as labour-intensive work, the use of hazardous materials, long work hours, workers exposure to harsh weather conditions (International Labour Organization [ILO], 2018), poor government commitment and inadequate regulatory regimes in developing countries (Eyiah, Kheni, and Quartey, 2019). Many studies have concluded that one of the ways to improve H&S outcomes on public projects is by integrating H&S issues into the construction procurement process (Boadu, et al, 2022;Boadu, Sunindijo and Wang, 2021a;Worksafe Victoria, 2017;Votano and Sunindijo, 2014;Wells and Hawkins, 2011). The sheer size and importance of public procurement in the delivery of infrastructure endows it with the capacity to influence markets and improve H&S standards (Lingard, Wakefield and Walker, 2020).…”