Climate and Fluid Intake

Abstract

NUMEROUS investigators have studied the physiological reaction of adults to specific temperature,.humidity, and other variable climatic conditions (1, 2). These studies, initiated primarily by the U. S. Armed Forces, have been concerned largely with man's comfort, efficiency, or survival in the desert, arctic, or other places with severe climatic conditions. There have been a few investigations of the physiological response of children to heat stress under laboratory (3) and normal living conditions (4, 5), but data are too limited to describe adequately the influence of climatic factors on the amount and kind of fluid consumed by this group. Interest in the physiological response of children to climate increased markedly with the advent of community water fluoridation. Epidemiological studies in natural fluoride areas have shown that 1 p.p.m. fluoride represents the optimum level for dental caries con

Fluoride Intake of Infants in New Zealand

“…Existing data (Galagan et al, 1957;Walker et al, 1963) indicate that total fluid intake increases with age, but water consumption decreases with age. Galagan et al (1957) found that water intake per pound of body weight was highest among infants; it decreased with age, and varied directly with temperature.…”

Potential exposure and risk of fluoride intakes from tea drinks produced in Taiwan

“…The optimal level for water fluoridation is between 0.7 and 1.2 mg/l, depending on the temperature of that area, prevent dental caries (Galagan et al, 1957;Galagan and Vermillio, 1957b). According to the annual average of maximum daily temperature in Taiwan (74-771F, CWB, 1999), the optimal fluoride concentration should be 0.8 mg/l for Taiwanese.…”

U.S. Public Health Service Recommendation for Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water for the Prevention of Dental Caries

“…Findings indicated that a lower fluoride concentration was appropriate for communities in warmer climates because children drank more water on warm days. [60][61][62] Social and environmental changes, including increased use of air conditioning and more sedentary lifestyles, have occurred since the 1950s; thus, the assumption that children living in warmer regions drink more tap water than children in cooler regions may no longer be valid. 63 Studies conducted since 2001 suggest that children's water intake does not increase with increases in outdoor air temperature.…”