Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant

Langgut, Dafna; Finkelstein, Israel; Litt, Thomas

doi:10.1179/033443513x13753505864205

Cited by 160 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…This assumption is supported by evidence of a high lake level at Kinneret (Hazan et al 2005) as well as at the Dead Sea, which suggest that there were higher precipitation values around 5,000 cal bp (Kushnir and Stein 2010;Litt et al 2012). The decline of olive pollen values was probably linked to changes in socio-economic and political conditions in the region during the Early Bronze Age II and III as discussed in Langgut et al (2013), according to which a weakening of overland connections with Egypt led to a change in the olive oil export area from Galilee to the coast of present-day Lebanon. Relatively low olive pollen values are also characteristic of the Middle and Late Bronze Age (4,000-3,300 cal bp).…”

Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)supporting

confidence: 61%

“…At least the latter one is also to be seen in the Dead Sea record from Ein Gedi (Litt et al 2012) as well as in the Dead Sea water level curve (Kushnir and Stein 2010;Stein et al 2010), which correlates to the Late Bronze Collapse represented by the destruction of numerous urban centres in the Levant (Langgut et al 2013). A dry event during the Late Bronze-Iron Age transition is also shown in high resolution records from the northern Levant (Kaniewski et al 2010).…”

Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The two decreases in the oak pollen curve around 4,000 and 3,200 cal bp might be related to drought events (Langgut et al 2013). At least the latter one is also to be seen in the Dead Sea record from Ein Gedi (Litt et al 2012) as well as in the Dead Sea water level curve (Kushnir and Stein 2010;Stein et al 2010), which correlates to the Late Bronze Collapse represented by the destruction of numerous urban centres in the Levant (Langgut et al 2013).…”

Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 2010, a new 17.8 m long sedimentary core was drilled in the deepest part of Lake Kinneret. Preliminary results have so far been published only for the time interval related to the so-called "Late Bronze Age Collapse" at 3,200 cal bp (Langgut et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Schiebel

Litt

2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Lake Kinneret, also known as the Sea of Galilee and Lake Tiberias, is located in the northeast of Israel. At a lake level of 211 m b.s.l. (below mean sea level), the central basin is 43 m deep. The maximum length of the lake is 21 km (N-S) and its maximum width is 12 km (W-E). Lake Kinneret's surface area is 166 km 2 . A new 17.8 m long sedimentary core was drilled in 2010. Here, we present the entire palynological record from it, which covers the last ~ 9,000 years. Special emphasis is given to the natural and human-influenced vegetation history of Galilee in comparison to that of the more southerly Dead Sea region. Significant signs of human impact are the first Olea (olive) increase during the beginning of the Chalcolithic period between 7,000 and 6,500 years ago, as well as the prominent Olea phase during the Hellenistic/Roman/Byzantine period between 2,300 and 1,500 years ago. Mediterranean macchia and bathas scrub vegetation, as known in the area today, has developed in the southern Levant under human impact since the last ca. 1,500 years.

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Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)mentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: 000-2300 Cal Bp (Early Bronze To Iron Age)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Schiebel

Litt

2017

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…The Neolithic was the beginning of subsistence farming, leading to the development of civilisations, and was influenced by climate change and population pressure (Balter, 2007;Rosen, 2007;Twiss, 2007). The collapse of various civilisations has also been caused by natural climate change, such as the collapse of a number of numerous Bronze Age civilisations approximately 3.2 kya (Langgut et al, 2013; see Chapter 1).…”

Section: Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astronomical forcing of sub-Milankovitch climate oscillations during the late Quaternary

Kelsey¹

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A climate signal of ~1500-yr quasi-periodicity (e.g., Bond events) has been found from the Arctic to Antarctica, in palaeoclimatic data derived from a range of environmental proxy records. Solar and lunar forcing have individually been suggested as the cause of this millennial-scale signal, although some contend that it is little more than stochastic resonance within the climate system. Also debated is whether this climate signal is forced by the ocean-atmosphere dynamics of the North Atlantic or the tropical Pacific, as well as relevant climatic teleconnections. The cause of this cycle is elusive as no known solar cycle of this length exists, whilst forcing due to lunar gravitation has been dismissed as being too weak.The most likely cause of any periodic climate signal is an astronomical one, as demonstrated in Milankovitch cycles. This thesis explores a potential astronomical cause of millennial-and centennial-scale periodicities and variability, based on a combination of solar and lunar forcing.Conceptual and trigonometric models, physical models of insolation, solar irradiance, and gravitation, and astronomical data were used in this exploration. Identified as a possible cause of the ~1500-yr climate cycle is precession. Precession changes the timing of Earth's seasons relative to our calendar and external reference points, such as the fixed stars and the closest point in Earth's orbit to the Sun

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Natural and Human Ecology: Geography, Climate, and Demography

Bintliff¹

2019

A Companion to the Archaeology of Early Greece and the Mediterranean

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Climate and the Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant

Cited by 160 publications

References 80 publications

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Holocene vegetation history of the southern Levant based on a pollen record from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel

Astronomical forcing of sub-Milankovitch climate oscillations during the late Quaternary

Natural and Human Ecology: Geography, Climate, and Demography

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