Climate Change Adaptation: Opportunities for Increased Material Recycling Facilities in African Cities

Abstract

Africa’s urban morphology is expected to develop at a steady rate between 2020 and 2050. Population growth, rising urbanization rates, growing energy consumption, and industrialization are only a few of the reasons causing these changes. Likewise, waste production is projected to rise from 125 million tons in 2012 to 244 million tons annually by 2025. Around 60.0% and 80.0% of African waste is made up of organic material, which is a viable methane source. Fly tipping, free disposal, landfilling, and incineration have been used as a large-scale waste treatment system in most African cities. However, with the anticipated morphological changes, these solutions are no longer viable in the future due to lack of airspace, availability of urban land for new landfill sites, and concerns over carbon emissions. This chapter discusses the potential for improved adoption of material recycling facilities (MRF) in urban environments as an incentive to support waste diversion from landfills, decentralize waste separation activities, and increase the transformation of waste materials into valuable raw materials. A case study is discussed for Ethiopia, Ghana, and South Africa with the goal of explaining current processes, urban planning initiatives required for greater implementation, and how they can be interpreted as adaptation initiatives.

Where Does an Individual’s Willingness to Act on Alleviating the Climate Crisis in Korea Arise from?

“…Individual anxiety and fear regarding climate change were among the most common determinants that recognize the phenomena as dangerous, along with attitudes and moral norms [26,29,30]. Regarding behavioral efficacy for climate change mitigation, individual actions are believed to be a contributing factor, including recycling and less meat consumption [31][32][33]. In addition, risk perceptions related to climate change [27,34,35] were found to be related to behavioral responses, such as the prediction of and adaptation to climate change [36][37][38].…”

Biomimetic and Biophilic Design of Multifunctional Symbiotic Lichen–Schwarz Metamaterial

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Mathematical approach of the design and fabrication of a HDPE geomembrane biodigester for the recycling of biodegradable waste into biogas and organic liquid fertilizer

“…Wastes are partially responsible to high exposure to diseases such as malaria, water bone diseases, pest's multiplications and more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is why it is necessary to develop technics and solutions to manage them efficiently with less environmental impact [1]. Among the solutions used, one can enumerate both the energy production (biogas) and the organic liquid fertilizer.…”

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