Climate change and altered fire regimes: impacts on plant populations, species, and ecosystems in both hemispheres

Harvey, Brian; Enright, Neal J.

doi:10.1007/s11258-022-01248-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In addition to explaining what a fire regime is and how it may be changed in each of these three distinct ecosystem types, this part presents the ideas of fire-dependent, firesensitive, and fire-independent ecosystems [4,59]. To successfully preserve biodiversity, it is necessary to understand the effects of changing fire regimes on ecosystems and people.…”

Section: Fire In Ecosystems and Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvey and Enright [59] revealed that plant damage from fire is also determined by the intensity of the fire, which is affected by the rangeland's topography, the general quantity, as well as the distribution and dryness of the fuel, the weather, and soil moisture. According to Turbé et al [29], the needed intensity of the fire is less than 1000 KJ/s/m if the goal of burning the rangeland is to remove moribund material.…”

Section: Fire Effects On Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Harvey and Enright [59], burning organic matter results in the production of carbonates and oxidants, which results in an alkaline reaction. Due to the high levels of acidity in the soil, thick humus layers hold enormous quantities of nutrients yet are unreachable [9].…”

Section: Fire and Soil Nutrients And Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

Kalfas,

Kalogiannidis,

Chatzitheodoridis

et al. 2024

Fire

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In forested ecosystems all over the world, usually, fire is the main disturbance, and due to global climate change, its effects are worsening in many areas. Although fire impacts have been studied for many years, integrative analyses of their effects on various ecosystem services (ES) at different scales are uncommon. This study tries to assess the ecological role of fire in a changing environment, focusing on a Mediterranean country. Data were collected by the use of an online questionnaire in Greece, where the summer fires in the last decades have had significant impacts on the environment and the economy and, in many cases, there were many human and animal victims from them. The sample size of the survey was 384 workers in the primary production sector from all over the country. The study showed that fire has several effects on animal husbandry, the quality of soil nutrients and fertility, the overall vegetation cover, and on general biodiversity. It seems that the degree to which fire has an effect on ecosystem components depends on the intensity, frequency, and length of the fires. Additionally, the frequency, intensity, and length of fire affect the impacts of fire on herbaceous plant, woody vegetation, soil physical qualities, and on the different animals’ habitats.

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Section: Fire In Ecosystems and Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Effects On Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

Kalfas,

Kalogiannidis,

Chatzitheodoridis

et al. 2024

Fire

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“…Wildfires play a major role in global carbon (C) cycles and are on the rise in many regions as climate change makes vegetation more susceptible to burning (Giglio et al., 2013; Halofsky et al., 2020; Harvey & Enright, 2022). Geography, climate conditions, human disturbance, and plant community composition shape regional fire regimes (Bond, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds

Spiegel,

Mladenov,

Wall

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfire frequency and severity, influencing terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles at broad spatial and temporal scales. The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestrial deposition and the influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plants into nearby aquatic systems, resulting in the darkening of water color. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire (burned vs. unburned plant biomass) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation (biological vs. photochemical) and DOM composition in 400 L freshwater ponds using a gradient experimental design. DOC concentration increased nonlinearly with plant biomass loading in both treatments, with overall higher concentrations (>56 mg/L) in the unburned treatment shortly after plant addition. We also observed nonlinear trends in fluorescence and UV‐visible absorbance spectroscopic indices as a function of fire treatment and plant biomass, such as greater humification and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (a proxy for aromatic DOM) over time. DOM humification occurred gradually over time with less humification in the burned treatment compared to the unburned treatment. Both burned and unburned biomass released noncolored, low molecular weight carbon compounds that were rapidly consumed by microbes. DOC decomposition exhibited a unimodal relationship with plant biomass, with microbes contributing more to DOC loss than photodegradation at intermediate biomass levels (100–300 g). Our findings demonstrate that the quantity of plant biomass leads to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM in experimental ponds that are altered by fire, indicating how disturbances interactively affect DOM processing and its role in aquatic environments.

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High fire severity and frequency threaten the persistence of a widespread obligate-seeder Banksia in south-eastern Australia

Muir,

Amos,

Moloney

2024

Aust. J. Bot.

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Context Obligate-seeding woody plants with long reproductive maturity periods and no soil seed banks are threatened with decline as climate change drives more frequent and severe fires, such as the extensive 2019–2020 wildfires in south-eastern Australia. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of fire intervals and severity on the persistence of one such species, Banksia cunninghamii (Hairpin Banksia), in temperate forests. Methods We measured post-fire seedling recruitment of B. cunninghamii at 25 sites in Victoria, burned at various severities in the 2019–2020 wildfires and with differing prior fire intervals. A Bayesian framework was used to model the relationship between seedling numbers, fire severity and fire interval. A spatial analysis compared a species distribution model for B. cunninghamii with fire severity and fire intervals. Key results There was a low chance of B. cunninghamii recruitment (<25%) at sites that either had burned eucalypt canopies or a preceding fire interval of less than 12 years. Sixty-seven percent of its distribution in the south-east of the state of Victoria was mapped as burned at high severity (burned eucalypt canopies) between 1998 and 2020, or burned at shorter than 12 year intervals between 1960 and 2020, although some B. cunninghamii populations will have persisted due to the patchiness of past burns. Conclusions Banksia cunninghamii is vulnerable to local extinctions in the wildfire-affected areas if fires occur again before plants reach maturity, or if high fire severity destroys seeds. Implications More frequent and severe wildfires mean that burn planning needs to consider the reproductive cycles of serotinous obligate-seeding plants.

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Climate change and altered fire regimes: impacts on plant populations, species, and ecosystems in both hemispheres

Cited by 4 publications

References 83 publications

The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

The Other Side of Fire in a Changing Environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean Country

Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds

High fire severity and frequency threaten the persistence of a widespread obligate-seeder Banksia in south-eastern Australia

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