Climate change and disease in plant communities

Burdon, Jeremy J.; Zhan, Jiasui

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000949

Cited by 115 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Human-mediated gene flow by commercial trade and research exchange of plant materials has also been documented in many other pathogens (Meng et al, 2018). Taken together, these observations indicate that appropriate quarantine is an essential strategy to reduce the evolutionary potential of plant pathogens and support agricultural and ecological sustainability (Zhan et al, 2015;Burdon and Zhan, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effector Avr4 in Phytophthora infestans Escapes Host Immunity Mainly Through Early Termination

et al. 2021

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Effector genes play critical roles in the antagonistic interactions between plants and pathogens. However, knowledge of mutation mechanisms and evolutionary processes in effector genes and the contribution of climatic factors to the evolution of effector genes are fragmented but important in sustainable management of plant diseases and securing food supply under changing climates. Here, we used a population genetic approach to explore the evolution of the Avr4 gene in Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato blight. We found that the Avr4 gene exhibited a high genetic diversity generated by point mutation and sequence deletion. Frameshifts caused by a single base-pair deletion at the 194th nucleotide position generate two stop codons, truncating almost the entire C-terminal, which is important for effector function and R4 recognition in all sequences. The effector is under natural selection for adaptation supported by comparative analyses of population differentiation (FST) and isolation-by-distance between Avr4 sequences and simple sequence repeat marker loci. Furthermore, we found that local air temperature was positively associated with pairwise FST in the Avr4 sequences. These results suggest that the evolution of the effector gene is influenced by local air temperature, and the C-terminal truncation is one of the main mutation mechanisms in the P. infestans effector gene to circumvent the immune response of potato plants. The implication of these results to agricultural and natural sustainability in future climate conditions is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effector Avr4 in Phytophthora infestans Escapes Host Immunity Mainly Through Early Termination

et al. 2021

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“…High ambient temperature due to global warming has a far-reaching impact on food security, ecological balance, and planet sustainability (Burdon & Zhan, 2020; Challinor et al , 2014; Grimm et al , 2013; Lippmann et al , 2019). Fundamental understanding of how plant growth and development is regulated by high ambient temperature will play a vital role in developing crop plants resilient to climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature is one of the most influential environmental factors affecting all terrestrial life forms. As such, a small increase in ambient temperature due to global warming can have profound impacts on disease resistance, crop yield and ultimately ecological balance (Burdon & Zhan, 2020; Challinor et al , 2014; Grimm et al , 2013). High ambient temperature-mediated regulation of plant development is termed thermomorphogenesis, which is characterized by elongated hypocotyl, petiole and root, hyponastic growth, and early flowering (Casal & Balasubramanian, 2019; Vu et al , 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An autoregulatory negative feedback loop controls thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

Lee

Zhu

2021

Preprint

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Plant growth and development are acutely sensitive to high ambient temperature ascribable in part to climate change. However, the mechanism of high ambient temperature signaling is not well defined. Here, we show that HECATEs (HEC1 and HEC2), two helix-loop-helix transcription factors, inhibit thermomorphogenesis. While the expression of HEC1 and HEC2 is increased and HEC2 protein is stabilized at high ambient temperature, hec1hec2 double mutant showed exaggerated thermomorphogenesis. Analyses of the four major PIF (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4 and PIF5) mutants and overexpression lines showed that they all contribute to promote thermomorphogenesis. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that pifQ is epistatic to hec1hec2. HECs and PIFs oppositely control the expression of many genes in response to high ambient temperature. HEC2 interacts with PIF4 both in yeast and in vivo. In the absence of HECs, PIF4 binding to its own promoter as well as the target gene promoters was enhanced, indicating that HECs control PIF4 activity via heterodimerization. Overall, these data suggest that PIF4-HEC forms an autoregulatory composite negative feedback loop that controls growth genes to modulate thermomorphogenesis.

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“…Infectious diseases can emerge when a vulnerable host, virulent pathogen and favorable environmental conditions complete the triangle (1). This framework has been applied to a wide variety of diseases that affect both plants and animals (2,3). Lessons can be learned from the famous potato famine in Ireland and applied to protect future crop security (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Triangle Dynamics of Coccidioidomycosis in Northern Arizona

Mead

Kollath

MdM

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Coccidioides species are the etiological agent of Valley fever (Vf). Disease ranges from pneumonia to extrapulmonary infection. If diagnosis is delayed or missed, the risk of severe disease increases. We investigate the disease triangle (intersection of pathogen, host, and environment) of Vf in Northern Arizona, where the risk of acquiring the disease is lower but prevalent and rising. We inspect reported and hospitalized cases of VF hosts. Then assess pathogen origin by comparing Northern Arizona clinical isolates to isolates from other regions. Lastly, we survey Northern Arizona soils for evidence of Coccidioides. We found that cases of Vf are increasing some requiring hospitalization. The Northern Arizona Coccidioidies isolates were genetically related to Southern Arizona populations. However, we detected Coccidioides DNA in Northern Arizona soils. We expect that cases will continue to increase and suggest increased awareness and screening for the disease is crucial to limit severe illness in Northern Arizona.

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Climate change and disease in plant communities

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Effector Avr4 in Phytophthora infestans Escapes Host Immunity Mainly Through Early Termination

Effector Avr4 in Phytophthora infestans Escapes Host Immunity Mainly Through Early Termination

An autoregulatory negative feedback loop controls thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

Disease Triangle Dynamics of Coccidioidomycosis in Northern Arizona

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