Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action

Agache, Ioana; Sampath, Vanitha; Aguilera, Juan; Akdiş, Cezmi A.; Akdiş, Mübeccel; Barry, Michèle; Bouagnon, Aude; Chinthrajah, R. Sharon; Collins, William J.; Dulitzki, Coby; Erny, Barbara; Gomez, Jason; Goshua, Anna; Jutel, Marek; Kizer, Kenneth W.; Kline, Olivia; LaBeaud, A. Desirée; Schöll, Isabella; Perrett, Kirsten P.; Peters, Rachel L.; Plaza, Maria Pilar; Prunicki, Mary; Sack, Todd; Salas, Renee N; Sindher, Sayantani; Sokolow, Susanne H.; Thiel, Cassandra L.; Veidis, Erika; Wray, Britt; Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia; Witt, Christian; Nadeau, Kari

doi:10.1111/all.15229

Cited by 91 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…However, despite of these findings, quantitative analyses concerning the relevance of wildlife pathways in AR dissemination vs other ones -i. e. human travellers, vs migratory birds; or fomites and direct human-to-human contact, vs flies and cockroaches co-existing with humans- remain to be performed. In the current situation, in which climate change may alter the worldwide distribution of wildlife, including vectors involved in the dissemination of infectious diseases ( Agache et al., 2022 ), quantitative information concerning wildlife’s role in the origin, evolution and transmission of AR is relevant to tackle AR from One Health and Global Health perspectives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife and Antibiotic Resistance

Laborda

Sanz-García

Ochoa-Sánchez

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Antibiotic resistance is a major human health problem. While health care facilities are main contributors to the emergence, evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance, other ecosystems are involved in such dissemination. Wastewater, farm animals and pets have been considered important contributors to the development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, we review the impact of wildlife in such problem. Current evidence supports that the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and/or antibiotic resistant bacteria in wild animals is a sign of anthropic pollution more than of selection of resistance. However, once antibiotic resistance is present in the wild, wildlife can contribute to its transmission across different ecosystems. Further, the finding that antibiotic resistance genes, currently causing problems at hospitals, might spread through horizontal gene transfer among the bacteria present in the microbiomes of ubiquitous animals as cockroaches, fleas or rats, supports the possibility that these organisms might be bioreactors for the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among human pathogens. The contribution of wildlife in the spread of antibiotic resistance among different hosts and ecosystems occurs at two levels. Firstly, in the case of non-migrating animals, the transfer will take place locally; a One Health problem. Paradigmatic examples are the above mentioned animals that cohabit with humans and can be reservoirs and vehicles for antibiotic resistance dissemination. Secondly, migrating animals, such as gulls, fishes or turtles may participate in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance across different geographic areas, even between different continents, which constitutes a Global Health issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife and Antibiotic Resistance

Laborda

Sanz-García

Ochoa-Sánchez

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In addition to forest fires, anthropogenic emissions are responsible for declining air quality. According to the WHO, the most important substances harmful to health are ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter [ 8 ]. Other air pollutants include gases such as benzene, toluene, xylene, liquid aerosols (perchloroethylene, methylene chloride), inhalable particulate-bound pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury.…”

Section: Temperature and Pollutant Exposure And The Effect On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and allergies

2022

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The climate crisis poses a major challenge to human health as well as the healthcare system and threatens to jeopardize the medical progress made in recent decades. However, addressing climate change may also be the greatest opportunity for global health in the 21st century. The climate crisis and its consequences, such as rising temperatures, forest fires, floods, droughts, and changes in the quality and quantity of food and water, directly and indirectly affect human physical and mental health. More intense and frequent heat waves and declining air quality have been shown to increase all-cause mortality, especially among the most vulnerable. Climate warming alters existing ecosystems and favors biological invasions by species that better tolerate heat and drought. Pathogen profiles are changing, and the transmission and spread of vector-borne diseases are increasing. The spread of neophytes in Europe, such as ragweed, is creating new pollen sources that increase allergen exposure for allergy sufferers. In addition, the overall milder weather, especially in combination with air pollution and increased CO2 levels, is changing the production and allergenicity of pollen. The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma is also occurring more frequently. In view of the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases due to climate change, early causal immunomodulatory therapy is therefore all the more important. During a climate consultation, patients can receive individual advice on climate adaptation and resilience and the benefits of CO2 reduction—for their own and the planet’s health. Almost 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions in Europe come from the healthcare sector. It thus has a central responsibility for a climate-neutral and sustainable transformation.

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“…While medico-economic dimensions may now be incorporated into research protocols, medico-ecological ones are not currently considered 186 . However, ecological impact should become a criterion 11 186 187 188 in the choice of research strategy 85 188 189 190 . A research agenda focused on the most urgent topics is proposed in Table 8 .…”

Section: The Path Towards Environmentally Sustainable Gi Endoscopy ( ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the environmental footprint of gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement

Dinis‐Ribeiro²,

et al. 2022

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Climate change and the destruction of ecosystems by human activities are among the greatest challenges of the 21st century and require urgent action. Health care activities significantly contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases and waste production, with gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy being one of the largest contributors. This Position Statement aims to raise awareness of the ecological footprint of GI endoscopy and provides guidance to reduce its environmental impact. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) outline suggestions and recommendations for health care providers, patients, governments, and industry. Main statements 1 GI endoscopy is a resource-intensive activity with a significant yet poorly assessed environmental impact. 2 ESGE-ESGENA recommend adopting immediate actions to reduce the environmental impact of GI endoscopy. 3 ESGE-ESGENA recommend adherence to guidelines and implementation of audit strategies on the appropriateness of GI endoscopy to avoid the environmental impact of unnecessary procedures. 4 ESGE-ESGENA recommend the embedding of reduce, reuse, and recycle programs in the GI endoscopy unit. 5 ESGE-ESGENA suggest that there is an urgent need to reassess and reduce the environmental and economic impact of single-use GI endoscopic devices. 6 ESGE-ESGENA suggest against routine use of single-use GI endoscopes. However, their use could be considered in highly selected patients on a case-by-case basis. 7 ESGE-ESGENA recommend inclusion of sustainability in the training curricula of GI endoscopy and as a quality domain. 8 ESGE-ESGENA recommend conducting high quality research to quantify and minimize the environmental impact of GI endoscopy. 9 ESGE-ESGENA recommend that GI endoscopy companies assess, disclose, and audit the environmental impact of their value chain. 10 ESGE-ESGENA recommend that GI endoscopy should become a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions practice by 2050.

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Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action

Cited by 91 publications

References 160 publications

Wildlife and Antibiotic Resistance

Wildlife and Antibiotic Resistance

Climate change and allergies

Reducing the environmental footprint of gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement

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