Climate Change and New Challenges for Rural Communities: Particulate Matter Matters

Miousse, Isabelle Racine; Hale, Rachel B.; Alsbrook, Scott; Boysen, Gunnar; Broadnax, Tanya; Murry, Carleisha; Williams, Candace; Park, Chul Hyun; Richards, Robert; Reedy, Justin; Chalbot, Marie-Cécile; Kavouras, Ilias G.; Koturbash, Igor

doi:10.3390/su152316192

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Tai and in urban Jinan during spring (247-325 ng m −3 ) and more than three times as high as those in urban Jinan and urban Nanjing during fall (113-196 ng m −3 ) [13,15,16,35,36]. The substantially large amounts of organic nitrates during winter are presumably caused by the aging and transmission of pollutants from anthropogenic activities [15,37,38]. In general, the concentrations of PONs in Qingdao are similar to the concentrations recorded in rural and urban areas of Shandong, urban Beijing, and at Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution and Secondary Formation of Particulate Organic Nitrates in Winter in a Coastal Area

Shakoor,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Understanding the size distribution, variation patterns, and potential formation mechanisms of particulate organic nitrates (PONs) is crucial for assessing their influences on atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and the regional climate. This study investigates PONs in the coastal atmosphere of Qingdao, China by collecting size-resolved particulate matter samples and analyzing six types of organic nitrates, namely pinene keto nitrate (PKN229), monoterpene hydroxyl nitrate (MHN215), monoterpene dicarbonyl nitrate (MDCN247), oleic acid hydroxyl nitrate (OAHN361), oleic acid keto nitrate (OAKN359), and pinene sulfate organic nitrate (PSON295), using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography(mass spectrometry). The mean total concentration of organic nitrates in fine particles reaches 677 ng m−3. The predominant compound is MHN215, followed by PKN229 and MDCN247. All six organic nitrates exhibited distinct concentration peaks in the droplet mode, with MDCN247 and OAHN361 showing a minor peak in the condensation mode. In addition, an apparent concentration peak is observed in the coarse mode for OAKN359. Comparative analyses under various conditions highlight the significant influences of primary emissions and secondary formation processes on the abundance and size distribution of organic nitrates. For instance, both firework displays during festivals and high NOx emissions from fuel combustion significantly increase the concentrations of condensation-mode organic nitrates, whereas dust particles enhanced the heterogeneous formation of coarse-mode particles. Furthermore, the high humidity of the coastal area promotes aqueous formation in droplet-mode particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution and Secondary Formation of Particulate Organic Nitrates in Winter in a Coastal Area

Shakoor,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Study on the geographic distribution and influencing factors of Dai settlements in Yunnan based on geodetector

Tao,

Zhou

2024

Sci Rep

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The Dai people are primarily found in Yunnan Province, China, and have a long heritage there. The latest national census reports that Yunnan is home to 1,259,000 individuals of the Dai ethnic group. This study focuses on 3504 Dai settlements in Yunnan, identified through county records. Using the ArcGIS spatial analysis platform, we first evaluated their settlements’ spatial distribution patterns using metrics like the nearest neighbor index and geographic concentration index. Then, we applied geodetector to investigate the underlying mechanisms of their distribution. The results reveal that: (1) Dai settlements in Yunnan Province generally have a cohesive spatial distribution; at the provincial level, however, there is an uneven distribution pattern, with many densely populated areas and a pattern of “two cores, one belt, one area, and two points”; (2) The Dai settlements predominantly occupy the third gradient of the vertical zonation, with Dai gathering settlements primarily found in the Lancang, Ayeyarwaddy, and Red River basins. Conversely, Dai mixed settlements are mainly situated in the Lancang, Red, and Nu River basins; (3) Analysis via geodetector indicates that ethnocultural factors are the most significant in determining the spatial distribution of the Dai settlements, followed by socio-economic and natural factors; (4) The distribution of settlements is significantly influenced by the proportion of the Dai population within these settlements. Dai gathering settlements are typically located on flat slopes with elevations ranging from 500 to 1000 m and slopes of 0°–5°. Meanwhile, Dai mixed settlements are found on gentle slopes with elevations of 1000–2000 m and slopes of 5°–15°. The study reveals that the location of Dai settlements is strongly influenced by environmental considerations and has a significant explanation from similar origins.

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Overview of human health effects related to glyphosate exposure

Galli,

Mollari,

Tassinari

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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Glyphosate is a chemical compound derived from glycine, marketed as a broad-spectrum herbicide, and represents one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. For a long time, it was assumed that glyphosate was harmless, either due to its selective enzymatic acting method on plants, and because commercial formulations were believed to contain only inert chemicals. Glyphosate is widely spread in the environment, the general population is daily exposed to it via different routes, including the consumption of both plant, and non-plant based foods. Glyphosate has been detected in high amounts in workers’ urine, but has been detected likewise in bodily fluids, such as blood and maternal milk, and also in 60%–80% of general population, including children. Considering its massive presence, daily exposure to glyphosate could be considered a health risk for humans. Indeed, in 2015, the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) classified glyphosate and its derivatives in Group 2A, as probable human carcinogens. In 2022, nevertheless, EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) stated that the available data did not provide sufficient evidence to prove the mutagenic/carcinogenic effects of glyphosate. Therefore, the European Commission (EC) decided to renew the approval of glyphosate for another 10 years. The purpose of this review is to examine the scientific literature, focusing on potential risks to human health arising from exposure to glyphosate, its metabolites and its commercial products (e.g., Roundup®), with particular regard to its mutagenic and carcinogenic potential and its effects as endocrine disrupter (ED) especially in the human reproductive system.

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Climate Change and New Challenges for Rural Communities: Particulate Matter Matters

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Size Distribution and Secondary Formation of Particulate Organic Nitrates in Winter in a Coastal Area

Size Distribution and Secondary Formation of Particulate Organic Nitrates in Winter in a Coastal Area

Study on the geographic distribution and influencing factors of Dai settlements in Yunnan based on geodetector

Overview of human health effects related to glyphosate exposure

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