Climate change and the effect of temperature backlashes causing frost damage in Picea abies

Jönsson, Anna Maria; Linderson, Maj-Lena; Stjernquist, Ingrid; Schlyter, Peter; Bärring, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.012

Cited by 75 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Even though we have had high natural leakage values from buds frozen to -5°C, increased leakage values definitely indicate severe damage from freezing. Since climate change might increase the frequency of temperature backlashes causing frost damage in spring (Jönsson et al 2004;Langvall 2011), it is increasingly important to consider the bud development patterns of provenances when choosing seed sources. In addition, actions to protect seedlings at the planting site should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Malmqvist

Wallin

Lindström

et al. 2017

Trees

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Key message The Douglas fir provenance Three Valley was found most suitable for planting in mid-Sweden. Greenhouse tests can most likely predict how different Douglas fir provenances will perform in the field. Abstract The need for species that will grow well through ongoing climate change has increased the interest in Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in Sweden. One of the most common problems seen in plantations of Douglas fir seedlings is damage caused by late spring frost, known to be highly correlated with the timing of bud burst. The objective of this study was to investigate spring-related bud development under Nordic conditions of seven Douglas fir provenances and to compare data with a local provenance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Results from a field trial and a greenhouse-based study were compared. The interior Douglas fir provenances exhibited an earlier bud burst than coastal provenances, both in the greenhouse and in the field trial. When comparing differences within the groups of interior and coastal Douglas fir provenances, no differences could be found. The local Norway spruce, only grown in the greenhouse, showed an intermediate bud development profile similar to the interior Douglas fir provenance Three Valley. We therefore suggest that Three Valley could be planted at the same locations as the investigated local provenance of Norway spruce in mid-Sweden. To avoid spring frost damage the Douglas fir seedlings need to be frozen stored and planted late in spring. Planting under shelterwood can also help protect the seedlings from spring frost damages. As similar results for bud development patterns of Douglas fir and Norway spruce provenances were obtained from the greenhouse and field trials, greenhouse tests could facilitate selection of provenances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Malmqvist

Wallin

Lindström

et al. 2017

Trees

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“…Thus, fixed thresholds are of little use to evaluate frost risks. We have evaluated the frost damage risks for the A2 and B2 scenarios by using different indices which were based on: the start of dehardening in spring, the timing of bud burst, the severity of the temperature backlash, and the cold hardiness level (Jönsson et al 2004b). Indices were based on (1) the number of temperature backlashes after the onset of de-hardening, (2) accumulated degree days between the onset of de-hardening and a temperature < -2°C, (3) the number of temperature backlashes after bud burst, and (4) the number of days below a temperature-adjusted spring and autumn hardiness level (cf.…”

Section: Drought and Frost Damage As Preconditioning Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indices were based on (1) the number of temperature backlashes after the onset of de-hardening, (2) accumulated degree days between the onset of de-hardening and a temperature < -2°C, (3) the number of temperature backlashes after bud burst, and (4) the number of days below a temperature-adjusted spring and autumn hardiness level (cf. Jönsson et al 2004b).…”

Section: Drought and Frost Damage As Preconditioning Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis was carried further for southern Sweden, where it was possible to normalise loss data to the total volume of damaged timber per year, in any and B2 scenarios (Jönsson et al 2004b) given county and year, as a proportion of the area of productive forest stands older than 41 yr in that county (total volume measured as m 3 standing volume [stem volume over bark from stump to tip]; damaged timber units: m 3 yr -1…”

Section: Windstorm Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the impacts of climate change and weather extremes on boreal forests in northern Europe, focusing on Norway spruce

Schlyter¹,

Stjernquist²,

Bärring³

et al. 2006

Clim. Res.

164

117

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The boreal and boreo-nemoral forests in Europe, which occur in northern and northeastern Europe, are dominated by 2 coniferous species, Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. being economically the most important one. Forestry is of major economic importance in this region. Forestry planning and climate change scenarios are based on similar (long-term) timescales, i.e. between 70 and 120 yr. Within the EU project 'Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes' (MICE), we have used 'present day ' runs (1961-1990) and future scenarios (2070-2100, emission scenarios A2 and B2 from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios [SRES]) of the HadRM3 regional climate model to study and model direct and indirect effects of changing climate on Norway spruce in Sweden and northern Europe. According to our results, extreme climate events like spring temperature backlashes and summer drought will increase in frequency and duration. In combination with a raised mean temperature, climate extremes will negatively precondition trees (i.e. increase their susceptibility) to secondary damage through pests and pathogens. Decreased forest vitality also makes stands more susceptible to windthrow. Storm damage is discussed based on a 100 yr storm damage record for Sweden. Marginally increased frequencies and windspeeds of storms may cause disproportionate increases in windthrow. Increased economic hazards can be expected from a combination of the increased volumes of wind-thrown timber, and a greater likelihood of additional generations of spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (further encouraged by the increase in fallen timber), as a result of a changing climate with warmer summers.

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“…with sudden frost episodes is high (Myking, 1997;Jönsson et al, 2004;Cannell and Smith, 1986). The main reason for this is the higher incidence of cold air masses, as well as more extensive radiative cooling under cloud-free situations during the longer nights early in the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensemble analysis of frost damage on vegetation caused by spring backlashes in a warmer Europe

Jönsson

Bärring

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tree dehardening and budburst will occur earlier in a warmer climate, and this could lead to an increased risk of frost damage caused by temperature backlashes. By using a spring backlash index and a cold hardiness model, we assessed different aspects of risk for frost damage in Norway spruce forests during the present climate and for one future emission scenario. Uncertainties associated with climate modelling were quantified by using temperature data from three climate data sets: (1) E-Obs gridded observed climate data, (2) an ensemble of data from eight regional climate models (RCM) forced by ERA-40 reanalysis data, (3) an ensemble of regional climate scenarios produced by the regional climate model RCA3 driven at the boundary conditions by seven global climate models (GCM), all representing the SRES A1B emission scenario.The frost risk was analysed for three periods, 1961-1990, 2011-2040 and 2070-2097. The RCA3 GCM ensemble indicated that the risk for spring frost damage may increase in the boreo-nemoral forest zone of southern Scandinavia and the Baltic states/Belarus. This is due to an increased frequency of backlashes, lower freezing temperatures after the onset of the vegetation period and the last spring frost occurring when the trees are closer to budburst. The changes could be transient due to the fine balance between an increased risk of frost damage caused by dehardening during a period when freezing temperatures are common and a decreased risk caused by warmer temperatures. In the nemoral zone, the zone with highest risk for spring backlashes during the reference period , the spring frost severity may increase due to frost events occurring when the trees are closer to budburst. However, the risk in terms of frequency of backlashes and freezing temperature were projected to become lower already in the beginning of this century.Correspondence to: A. M. Jönsson

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Climate change and the effect of temperature backlashes causing frost damage in Picea abies

Cited by 75 publications

References 40 publications

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Assessment of the impacts of climate change and weather extremes on boreal forests in northern Europe, focusing on Norway spruce

Ensemble analysis of frost damage on vegetation caused by spring backlashes in a warmer Europe

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