Climate change and tropical marine ecosystems:  A review with an emphasis on coral reefs

Kleypas, Joan A.

doi:10.22458/urj.v11i1.2317

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Human-induced global change is driving unprecedented variations in how global ecosystems function, from increases in terrestrial dryness (Greve et al, 2018) and severe storm activity across lower latitudes (Delworth et al, 2016), to altering species' ranges globally (Habary et al, 2017;MacLean & Beissinger, 2017). Coral reefs are a prime example of an ecosystem heavily impacted by global change, particularly by ocean acidification and warming (Bove et al, 2021;Hoegh-Guldberg et al, 2007;Kleypas, 2019;Knowlton, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global change differentially modulates coral physiology and suggests future shifts in Caribbean reef assemblages

Bove

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Global change driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions is altering ecosystems at unprecedented rates, especially coral reefs, whose symbiosis with algal endosymbionts ise particularly vulnerable to increasing ocean temperatures and altered carbonate chemistry. Here, we assess the physiological responses of the coral holobiont (animal host + algal symbiont) of three Caribbean coral species from two reef environments after exposure to simulated ocean warming (28, 31 °C), acidification (300 - 3290 μatm), and the combination of stressors for 93 days. We used multidimensional analyses to assess how multiple coral holobiont physiological parameters respond to ocean acidification and warming. Our results demonstrate significantly diminishing holobiont physiology in S. siderea and P. astreoides in response to projected ocean acidification, while future warming elicited severe declines in P. strigosa. Offshore S. siderea fragments exhibited higher physiological plasticity than inshore counterparts, suggesting that this offshore population has the capacity to modulate their physiology in response to changing conditions, but at a cost to the holobiont. Plasticity of P. strigosa and P. astreoides was not clearly different between natal reef environments, however, temperature evoked a greater plastic response in both species. Interestingly, while these species exhibit unique physiological responses to ocean acidification and warming, when data from all three species are modeled together, convergent stress responses to these conditions are observed, highlighting the overall sensitivities of tropical corals to these stressors. Our results demonstrate that while ocean warming is a severe acute stressor that will have dire consequences for coral reefs globally, chronic exposure to acidification may also impact coral physiology to a greater extent than previously assumed. The variety of responses to global change we observe across species will likely manifest in altered Caribbean reef assemblages in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global change differentially modulates coral physiology and suggests future shifts in Caribbean reef assemblages

Bove

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Till over community thresholds whereas community structure changes [58]. Hence, non-building reefs come to replace coral reefs as spotted widely so far [59]. For example, the impact of rising temperature and acidity of ocean on the physiology and behavior of species associated with coral reefs is driving down populations [60] and cause bioerosion [61].…”

Section: Harmony Between Rehabilitation Objectives and The Project De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, extreme events generated by sea level rise (SLR) [62], or rising coastal nutrient or sediment runoff [63]. The above combined stressors lead to phase shift [64], and may use to compare resilience of (coral reefs to its associated biota) for further understanding [59].…”

Section: Harmony Between Rehabilitation Objectives and The Project De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping Improvised Directions for More Efficient Coral Reefs Rehabilitation Attempts

Abd‐Elgawad¹,

Ahmed²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Coral reefs directly support more than 500 million people globally, usually in poor countries. More than 40 years ago, scientists initiated the discussion on coral reefs habitat destruction. Scientific research has covered various impacts on coral reefs including human pressures and climate change. Evidently ocean warming and acidification emerged as the main threats in the past decades.Currently, tropical coral reefs and their community are expected to face a tremendous increasing risk as global-warming raises. Such emerged combined stressors (human and climatic drivers) lead to slow recovery of corals with expectations of shift in species biodiversity and composition. Hence, coral reefs rehabilitation interventions have strikingly increased over the past decade.These interventions are carried through both, advanced science-based projects (such as coral microbiome engineering, ecological processes recruitment as well as community-based projects. The later occurs because of poor communication among the main three parties in charge (practitioners, MPAs managers with policymakers, and scientists) which in turn has led to unsatisfactory results in these rehabilitation attempts. The analysis of these results here revealed that most deficiencies are related to projects design.Engagement of these respective parties in a scientific framework through "adopting a cautionary coral reefs rehabilitation strategy" will manage the general steps of adaptive decision making, and elude knowledge gaps that exist in certain drivers (Bioecological and Socio-economic) and common deficiencies in projects design. This will help quantifying rehabilitation measures and shaping these improvised directions for more efficient rehabilitation attempts.Avoiding this strategy is highly likely to result in another direct human impact on coral reefs in the Anthropocene.

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“…Human-induced global change is driving unprecedented challenges for ecosystems globally, from increases in terrestrial droughts [1] and severe storm activity across lower latitudes [2] to altering species' distributions globally [3,4]. Coral reefs are a prime example of an ecosystem heavily impacted by global change, particularly by ocean warming and acidification [5][6][7][8]. Ocean acidification and warming are predicted to affect many marine ecosystems by reducing ecosystem complexity and function, especially for organisms with longer generational times and thus fewer opportunities to adapt to changing conditions [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global change differentially modulates Caribbean coral physiology

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Global change driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions is altering ecosystems at unprecedented rates, especially coral reefs, whose symbiosis with algal symbionts is particularly vulnerable to increasing ocean temperatures and altered carbonate chemistry. Here, we assess the physiological responses of three Caribbean coral (animal host + algal symbiont) species from an inshore and offshore reef environment after exposure to simulated ocean warming (28, 31°C), acidification (300–3290 μatm), and the combination of stressors for 93 days. We used multidimensional analyses to assess how a variety of coral physiological parameters respond to ocean acidification and warming. Our results demonstrate reductions in coral health in Siderastrea siderea and Porites astreoides in response to projected ocean acidification, while future warming elicited severe declines in Pseudodiploria strigosa. Offshore S. siderea fragments exhibited higher physiological plasticity than inshore counterparts, suggesting that this offshore population was more susceptible to changing conditions. There were no plasticity differences in P. strigosa and P. astreoides between natal reef environments, however, temperature evoked stronger responses in both species. Interestingly, while each species exhibited unique physiological responses to ocean acidification and warming, when data from all three species are modelled together, convergent stress responses to these conditions are observed, highlighting the overall sensitivities of tropical corals to these stressors. Our results demonstrate that while ocean warming is a severe acute stressor that will have dire consequences for coral reefs globally, chronic exposure to acidification may also impact coral physiology to a greater extent in some species than previously assumed. Further, our study identifies S. siderea and P. astreoides as potential ‘winners’ on future Caribbean coral reefs due to their resilience under projected global change stressors, while P. strigosa will likely be a ‘loser’ due to their sensitivity to thermal stress events. Together, these species-specific responses to global change we observe will likely manifest in altered Caribbean reef assemblages in the future.

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Climate change and tropical marine ecosystems: A review with an emphasis on coral reefs

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Global change differentially modulates coral physiology and suggests future shifts in Caribbean reef assemblages

Global change differentially modulates coral physiology and suggests future shifts in Caribbean reef assemblages

Shaping Improvised Directions for More Efficient Coral Reefs Rehabilitation Attempts

Global change differentially modulates Caribbean coral physiology

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