Climate Change and Water Balance Components

Cohen, Stewart; Strzepek, Kenneth; Yates, David; Kaczmarek, Z.; Somlyódy, L.; Priazhinskaya, V.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0207-7_2

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…ET c can also be accurately determined through direct measurement of the soil water balance using weighing lysimeters (Girona et al, 2011;Evett et al, 2012;López-Urrea et al, 2014;Ruiz-Peñalver et al, 2015;Vera-Repullo et al, 2015;Jiménez-Carvajal et al, 2017), a type of lysimeter consisting of a device which, based on weight differences, accurately measures the inputs and outputs of water flows that affect the soil and tree mass. The soil water balance method is based on the idea that crop evapotranspiration occurs at the expense of the water stored in the root-zone resulting from irrigation, rainfall, and capillary rise (inputs), while discounting runoff and drainage (outputs) (Cohen et al, 1996). This method allows ET c to be precisely determined, avoiding the imprecision associated with a particular crop, climatic conditions or irrigation factors (Beeson, 2011;López-Urrea et al, 2012Ruiz--Canales et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision irrigation in citrus with different water qualities

García¹

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Citrus latifolia is increasingly being cultivated in Mediterranean areas, where the need for precise irrigation implies a sound knowledge of the crop's water requirements, which is carried out by monitoring the tree water status in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Two year-old lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan. cv. Bearss) were cultivated in 45 L weighing pot-lysimeters filled with a clay-loam soil and equipped with soil water sensors for recording the real-time soil water status. Irrigation, drainage, pot weight, and agro-meteorological variables were also recorded in real-time. Plant water relations -stem (Ψ stem ) and leaf (Ψ leaf ) water potentials, and leaf gas exchange -were periodically measured throughout the experiment. The automated irrigation protocol based on the volumetric soil water content was set to prevent tree water stress (with mean seasonal values of Ψ stem above -0.8 MPa and 7 μmol m − 2 s − 1 and 80 mmol m − 2 s − 1 , for net phtosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively). From the soil water pot balance, the computed fortnightly ET mean values throughout the growing season varied from 0.25 to 2.56 L plant − 1 day − 1 in winter and summer months, respectively. Maximum ET values occurred in July when evaporative demand was highest and lime fruits were in their most active growing phase. For day length, lime tree biomass changes were negligible, and the pot tree weight variations served for ET water balance validation (r 2 =0.92***). The contribution of this work is that it establishes a scalable weighing lysimeter prototype for determining the ET of lime trees grown in Mediterranean semi-arid conditions, using real-time soil water balance monitoring managed by an irrigation automation protocol. This approach could be replicated for precise ET measurements in other crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision irrigation in citrus with different water qualities

García¹

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Research developments in the hydrological sciences in Canada (1995-1998): surface water ? quantity, quality and ecology

Slaymaker

2000

Hydrol. Process.

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A critical overview of pan evaporation trends over the last 50 years

Charles

2009

Climatic Change

122

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Despite the observed increases in global average temperature, observations across the world show that the rate of pan evaporation at a regional scale has been steadily decreasing over the past 50 years. This is known as the pan evaporation paradox. This paper reviews current reported pan evaporation trends, examines available theoretical explanations about this "paradox", and discusses current research gaps and priorities. It concludes that: (1) three major potential causes of pan evaporation, solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and wind speed, have been changing in the last 50 years. The magnitude of changes and importance of each of these three causes varies from region to region, as does the pan evaporation trend, although overall there is a decreasing trend. (2) Currently two existing theories explaining the pan evaporation trends have limits and are only valid in some specific regions and seasons. Neither of them provides a fundamental physical-based theory that could be applied everywhere. (3) Further investigations are needed before we can fully understand the global evapotranspiration trend in global warming scenarios.

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Climate Change and Water Balance Components

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Precision irrigation in citrus with different water qualities

Precision irrigation in citrus with different water qualities

Research developments in the hydrological sciences in Canada (1995-1998): surface water ? quantity, quality and ecology

A critical overview of pan evaporation trends over the last 50 years

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