Climate change, food security and economic growth nexus in the Gambia: Evidence from an econometrics analysis

Assessing the Capacity of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Enhancing Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Burundi

“…To reach that conclusion, some researchers have employed the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model. Ceesay and Ben Omar [2], using the ARDL model, investigated the connection between food security and agriculture in Gambia and found that an increase in food security is strongly correlated with an increase in agricultural production. Similarly, Ragif Huseynov [3] used the same methodology to study the dynamics of different determinants of food security and found that food imports, exchange rates, and climate change influence national food security in Azerbaijan.…”

“…Agriculture is the mainstay of Burundi's economy, accounting for about 40% of the gross domestic product (GDP), employing 84%, providing 95% of the food supply, and accounting for more than 90% of foreign exchange earnings [1]. However, agricultural productivity in Burundi is hampered by several issues, including land degradation [2], climate impacts [3], economic factors [4], lack of access to agricultural infrastructure [5], and inefficient use of water resources [1], all of which contribute to the increasing food insecurity in Burundi. According to the 2020 Global Report on Food Crises [4], 5 of the 10 worst food crises in 2019 were from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with Burundi scoring the sixth lowest place worldwide on the Global Food Security Index (GFSI), with more than 40.6% of the population being chronically food insecure [6].…”

A step towards food security: The effect of carbon emission and the moderating influence of human capital. Evidence from Anglophone countries

“…Extant studies discovered that rising temperatures and rainfall negatively affect stipulated entitlement that promotes net cereal income. Reduced food production exacerbates the resources for poverty and malnourished households to access nutritious food in rural and city areas [ 25 , 54 ]. Additionally, extreme CEM events can disrupt the distribution of foodstuffs, culminating in price hikes and a decline in poor people's survival, particularly in low-income nations [ 55 ].…”

“…In comparison, food accessibility denotes households accessing a cluster of resources (entitlements) to attain healthy foods. In addition, food utilization refers to the possibility of individuals' families maximizing the efficient usage of the food and water obtained, sanitation, and health care that meet their physiological needs [ 18 , 25 ]. The research by Refs.…”

“…The research by Refs. [ 1 , [25] , [26] , [27] ] highlighted the effect of CEM on FOS; however, there is a gap in empirical studies that can verify this connection. As a result, to close this literature gap, the current analysis contributes to knowledge by employing an econometric approach to evaluate the impact of CEM on FOS.…”