This study presents an in-depth analysis of climate finance within the agricultural sector and its pivotal role in fostering sustainability in agrarian economies. It investigates the availability, accessibility, challenges, and effective utilization of climate finance. Climate finance emerges as a critical resource for establishing funding mechanisms and incentives that support sustainable agricultural practices, bolstering resilience and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Secondary sources, including books, journals, articles, policy documents, and reports, provide the data for this research. The findings of this study underscore a vital revelation: private investors play a crucial role in augmenting climate finance, thereby facilitating the transition to sustainable agriculture. It is evident that their participation significantly enhances the financial support available to farmers and agricultural stakeholders. Furthermore, the study reveals that a combined effort from both government and private investors has yielded considerable progress in advancing climate finance investment within India’s agricultural sector. This collaborative approach has proven instrumental in addressing the challenges faced by those seeking climate finance in agriculture. It has effectively increased awareness, streamlined application processes, and strengthened institutional support, ultimately driving the adoption of sustainable practices. The implications of this research extend to policymakers, agricultural institutions, and financial organizations, highlighting the pivotal role of private investors in improving climate finance accessibility. The future scope of this research suggests that the effective utilization of climate finance has the potential to catalyse the widespread adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The study emphasizes the importance of channelling climate finance through a variety of stakeholders to maximize its utility and make use of all available resources and instruments.