Climate change impacts on soil salinity in agricultural areas

Abstract

Changes in climate patterns are dramatically influencing some agricultural areas. Arid, semi‐arid and coastal agricultural areas are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts on soil salinity. Inventorying and monitoring climate change impacts on salinity are crucial to evaluate the extent of the problem, to recognize trends and to formulate irrigation and crop management strategies that will maintain the agricultural productivity of these areas. Over the past three decades, Corwin and colleagues at the U.S. Salinity Laboratory (USSL) have developed proximal sensor and remote imagery methodologies for assessing soil salinity at multiple scales. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact climate change has had on selected agricultural areas experiencing weather pattern changes, with a focus on the use of proximal and satellite sensors to assess salinity development. Evidence presented in case studies for Californiaʼs San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and Minnesotaʼs Red River Valley (RRV) demonstrates the utility of these sensor approaches in assessing soil salinity changes due to changes in weather patterns. Agricultural areas are discussed where changes in weather patterns have increased root‐zone soil salinity, particularly in areas with shallow water tables (SJV and RRV), coastal areas with seawater intrusion (e.g., Bangladesh and the Gaza Strip) and water‐scarce areas potentially relying on degraded groundwater as an irrigation source (SJV and Murray‐Darling River Basin). Trends in salinization due to climate change indicate that the infrastructure and protocols to monitor soil salinity from field to regional to national to global scales are needed. Highlights Climate change will have a negative impact on agriculture, particularly in arid regions. Proximal/remote sensors are useful to assess climate change impact on soil salinity across scales. Salt‐water intrusion, shallow water tables and degraded water reuse will increase soil salinity. Infrastructure and protocols to monitor soil salinity across multiple scales are needed.

The Consequences of Our Changing Environment on Life Threatening and Debilitating Fungal Diseases in Humans

“…As climates change, complex and geographically distinct factors will directly affect the health and stability of local ecosystems [ 29 , 30 ]. Temperatures are predicted to rise, so are levels of CO 2 , aridity, salinity, and nutrient availability [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. This will have an impact directly on the environment of microbiota, changing competitive landscapes in a way that will favour species that have the flexibility to adapt quickly [ 35 ].…”

Differential Response to Single and Combined Salt and Heat Stresses: Impact on Accumulation of Proteins and Metabolites in Dead Pericarps of Brassica juncea

“…With the expected changes in global climate, environmental stresses are likely to increase in severity leading to serious effects on crop yields [4]. Moreover, soil salinization affects an estimated 1 to 3 million hectares in the enlarged EU and is considered a major degradation process endangering the potential use of European soils [5]. The average global annual temperature has increased by 1.1 • C compared to the average temperature at the preindustrial era, and it is predicted to keep increasing by 3-5 • C by the end of this century, due to accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.…”

Effects of Different Salt Concentrations on Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.] Cultivars

“…Globally, climate change and global warming are among the most important problems that are widely discussed, and they are considered as triggers of important problems such as drought and salinity in soils. Agricultural areas are under the influence of climate, and especially arid, semi-arid, and coastal agricultural areas are very sensitive to the effects of climate change in terms of soil salinity (Pankova and Konyushkova, 2013;Corwin, 2021). In this sense, salinity is the most determinant environmental stress limiting the yield of crops especially in arid and semi-arid regions (Zörb et al, 2019), and it is one of the most important abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and development negatively (Parida and Das, 2005;Hafsi et al, 2010;Rajabi Dehnavi et al, 2020;Sabagh et al, 2021).…”