Climate change in relation to agriculture: A review

Abstract

Climate change is among the most crucial concerns of the world. It is a serious threat to the global agriculture and its overall impact on global agriculture is yet not clear. A rise of 2.5-4.5◦C is expected in the global temperature until the end of 21st century. The amount of greenhouse gases particularly CO2 is increasing at an alarming rate and is enhancing the plant photosynthesis and productivity. However, this increase in productivity is counteract by the more negative effects of climate change on agriculture like increased evapotranspiration, drought, floods, changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, higher pest infestations and more irrigation demand. Climate change also affects the nutrients availability and efficiency by influencing microbial activities and population in the soil. Therefore, adaptation of agriculture sector to the changing climate is indispensable because of its sensitivity and size. This review is aimed to document the possible impacts of climate change on agriculture, its causes and future projections. Some strategies are also advised to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases, to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture and to make new policies keeping in view their broader consequences on agriculture.

A study of size threshold for cooling effect in urban parks and their cooling accessibility and equity

“…These changes have exacerbated the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, causing urban land surface temperatures (LST) to be higher than suburban LST 2 , 3 . Temperatures in urban areas are projected to increase from 2.5 to 4.5 °C by the end of the twenty-first century from the UHI effect 4 . A growing body of evidence suggests that continued urban warming seriously threatens the sustainability of cities and affects the thermal comfort of urban residents.…”

Ultraviolet‐B Stress Increases Epidermal UV‐Screening Effectiveness and Alters Growth and Cell‐Wall Constituents of the Brown Midrib bmr6 and bmr12 Mutants of Sorghum bicolor

“…Deleterious UV‐B effects have been observed in wheat, maize and rice and are typically associated with reductions in photosynthesis and/or changes in canopy architecture resulting from alterations in cellular division or elongation rates (reviewed in Liaqat et al. 2024). For example, exposure to elevated levels of UV‐B can accelerate leaf senescence in maize (Correia et al.…”

“…have been observed in wheat, maize and rice and are typically associated with reductions in photosynthesis and/or changes in canopy architecture resulting from alterations in cellular division or elongation rates (reviewed in Liaqat et al 2024). For example, exposure to elevated levels of UV-B can accelerate leaf senescence in maize (Correia et al 2005), reduce stem elongation and leaf area (Reddy et al 2013), starch, sugar and protein content (Gao et al 2004), as well as reduce seed number and weight (Yin and Wang 2012).…”

Evaluating the Yields of the Rainfed Potato Crop under Climate Change Scenarios Using the AquaCrop Model in the Peruvian Altiplano

“…In addition, climate change and precipitation shortages limit agricultural production and significantly impact rainfed crop production [11]. The increase in temperature threshold and water scarcity affect the development of the different phenological phases [12,13] in potato crops, mainly in the formation of tubers [12].…”

“…Climate change is one of the world's most crucial concerns. It is a significant threat to the global food supply, mainly in family or subsistence farming [13], because it influences the primary conditions of agriculture [14], which are carried out with scarce resources, directly affecting the quality of life of farmers [15]. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and contributes to the food security and employment of rural households [16]; however, under the conditions of climate change and variability in the availability of water resources, adopting efficient irrigation systems, cultivating crops better suited to withstand drought conditions, implementing sustainable agriculture practices, adopting the strategy of climate-resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA), and reducing our reliance on rainfall will be necessary to address this challenge to ensure crop production and guarantee food security [1,17,18].…”