Climate change reduces extent of temperate drylands and intensifies drought in deep soils

Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Bradford, John B.; Lauenroth, William K.; Munson, Seth M.; Tietjen, Britta; Hall, Sonia A.; Wilson, Scott D.; Duniway, Michael C.; Jia, Gensuo; Pyke, David A.; Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg; Jamiyansharav, Khishigbayar

doi:10.1038/ncomms14196

Cited by 310 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In addition to increased global temperatures, climate change is also predicted to lead to erratic rainfall and drought across the planet. This may lead to an increase in aridity in many parts of the world, but an increase in humidity in other parts of the world . This could lead to insects evolving mechanisms that withstand desiccation stress in areas with increasing aridity.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying How Climate Change Can Affect Insecticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Changes in the global climate such as increasing temperatures, elevated CO 2 levels, changes in UV radiation levels, and unpredictable changes to precipitation due to extreme weather events are dramatically impacting many habitats and ecosystems, such as increasing aridity and the expansion of drylands in many regions . Adaptation to these changing environmental conditions is producing rapid evolutionary changes in many animal species, including insects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change and the genetics of insecticide resistance

Wang

Chung

2019

Pest Management Science

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Changes in global temperature and humidity as a result of climate change are producing rapid evolutionary changes in many animal species, including agricultural pests and disease vectors, leading to changes in allele frequencies of genes involved in thermotolerance and desiccation resistance. As some of these genes have pleiotropic effects on insecticide resistance, climate change is likely to affect insecticide resistance in the field. In this review, we discuss how the interactions between adaptation to climate change and resistance to insecticides can affect insecticide resistance in the field using examples in phytophagous and hematophagous pest insects, focusing on the effects of increased temperature and increased aridity. We then use detailed genetic and mechanistic studies in the model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, to explain the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We suggest that tradeoffs or facilitation between adaptation to climate change and resistance to insecticides can alter insecticide resistance allele frequencies in the field. The dynamics of these interactions will need to be considered when managing agricultural pests and disease vectors in a changing climate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Mechanisms Underlying How Climate Change Can Affect Insecticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and the genetics of insecticide resistance

Wang

Chung

2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Despite potential differences in circulation patterns in the future across continents and uncertainty associated with future precipitation regimes, all of these ecosystems will be subjected to increased evaporative demand due to rising temperatures in the coming century, with potential for drier soil conditions in the future (Beaumont et al. , Schlaepfer et al., unpublished manuscript).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid‐latitude shrub steppe plant communities: climate change consequences for soil water resources

Palmquist

Schlaepfer

Bradford

et al. 2016

Ecology

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In the coming century, climate change is projected to impact precipitation and temperature regimes worldwide, with especially large effects in drylands. We use big sagebrush ecosystems as a model dryland ecosystem to explore the impacts of altered climate on ecohydrology and the implications of those changes for big sagebrush plant communities using output from 10 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) for two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). We ask: (1) What is the magnitude of variability in future temperature and precipitation regimes among GCMs and RCPs for big sagebrush ecosystems, and (2) How will altered climate and uncertainty in climate forecasts influence key aspects of big sagebrush water balance? We explored these questions across 1980-2010, 2030-2060, and 2070-2100 to determine how changes in water balance might develop through the 21st century. We assessed ecohydrological variables at 898 sagebrush sites across the western US using a process-based soil water model, SOILWAT, to model all components of daily water balance using site-specific vegetation parameters and site-specific soil properties for multiple soil layers. Our modeling approach allowed for changes in vegetation based on climate. Temperature increased across all GCMs and RCPs, whereas changes in precipitation were more variable across GCMs. Winter and spring precipitation was predicted to increase in the future (7% by 2030-2060, 12% by 2070-2100), resulting in slight increases in soil water potential (SWP) in winter. Despite wetter winter soil conditions, SWP decreased in late spring and summer due to increased evapotranspiration (6% by 2030-2060, 10% by 2070-2100) and groundwater recharge (26% and 30% increase by 2030-2060 and 2070-2100). Thus, despite increased precipitation in the cold season, soils may dry out earlier in the year, resulting in potentially longer, drier summer conditions. If winter precipitation cannot offset drier summer conditions in the future, we expect big sagebrush regeneration and survival will be negatively impacted, potentially resulting in shifts in the relative abundance of big sagebrush plant functional groups. Our results also highlight the importance of assessing multiple GCMs to understand the range of climate change outcomes on ecohydrology, which was contingent on the GCM chosen.

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“…We used the closest relevant parameters in SOILWAT, soil water potential ≤ −3 MPa in soil layers >20 cm deep. Drought duration associated with climate change is predicted to be longer in deep soils than shallow soils (Schlaepfer et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Group, Biomass, and Climate Change Effects on Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands

et al. 2018

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Water relations in plant communities are influenced both by contrasting functional groups (grasses and shrubs) and by climate change via complex effects on interception, uptake, and transpiration. We modeled the effects of functional group replacement and biomass increase, both of which can be outcomes of invasion and vegetation management, and climate change on ecological drought (soil water potential below which photosynthesis stops) in 340 semiarid grassland sites over 30 year periods. Relative to control vegetation (climate and site‐determined mixes of functional groups), the frequency and duration of drought were increased by shrubs and decreased by annual grasses. The rankings of shrubs, control vegetation, and annual grasses in terms of drought effects were generally consistent in current and future climates, suggesting that current differences among functional groups on drought effects predict future differences. Climate change accompanied by experimentally increased biomass (i.e., the effects of invasions that increase community biomass or management that increases productivity through fertilization or respite from grazing) increased drought frequency and duration and advanced drought onset. Our results suggest that the replacement of perennial temperate semiarid grasslands by shrubs, or increased biomass, can increase ecological drought in both current and future climates.

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Climate change reduces extent of temperate drylands and intensifies drought in deep soils

Cited by 310 publications

References 77 publications

Climate change and the genetics of insecticide resistance

Climate change and the genetics of insecticide resistance

Mid‐latitude shrub steppe plant communities: climate change consequences for soil water resources

Functional Group, Biomass, and Climate Change Effects on Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands

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