Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington

Raymond, Crystal L.; Peterson, David L.; Rochefort, Regina M.

doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-892

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…, Franklin and Johnson , Raymond et al. , Lindenmayer et al. ), rather than focusing exclusively on old‐growth or rotation‐age production forests.…”

Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Managing for a range of successional stages provides structural and compositional diversity at broad scales, which could help increase resilience to other climate‐related stressors, such as insect and disease outbreaks (Raymond et al. ). Managed wildfire is one tool to promote this structural diversity across large landscapes, where risk to human values is low or fire escape risks can be tolerated.…”

Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Managing for structural diversity starts with promoting full representation of the successional spectrum on a landscape for a given forest type (Halofsky et al 2011, Franklin and Johnson 2012, Raymond et al 2014, Lindenmayer et al 2016, rather than focusing exclusively on old-growth or rotation-age production forests. Managing for a range of successional stages provides structural and compositional diversity at broad scales, which could help increase resilience to other climate-related stressors, such as insect and disease outbreaks (Raymond et al 2014). Managed wildfire is one tool to promote this structural diversity across large landscapes, where risk to human values is low or fire escape risks can be tolerated.…”

Section: Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Raymond et al. ). How do common disturbance mitigation and management concepts apply in systems where severe disturbances are largely indifferent to manipulations of stand structure, are within normal system behavior, and from which biota naturally have the capacity to recover?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prominent example is thinning and prescribed burning in dry forests with historically frequent low-severity fire regimes, to reduce the potential for severe fires that may exceed the capacity of those systems to recover (Agee and Skinner 2005, Peterson et al 2005, North et al 2012, Hessburg et al 2015. This type of strategy so dominates the literature that few adaptation options have been described for other forest types, especially those in which disturbances are driven less by forest structure (fuels) and more by climate and weather, such as many cool or moist temperate forest types (but see Schoennagel et al 2004, Millar et al 2007, Halofsky et al 2011, Raymond et al 2014. How do common disturbance mitigation and management concepts apply in systems where severe disturbances are largely indifferent to manipulations of stand structure, are within normal system behavior, and from which biota naturally have the capacity to recover?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nature of the beast: examining climate adaptation options in forests with stand‐replacing fire regimes

et al. 2018

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Building resilience to natural disturbances is a key to managing forests for adaptation to climate change. To date, most climate adaptation guidance has focused on recommendations for frequent‐fire forests, leaving few published guidelines for forests that naturally experience infrequent, stand‐replacing wildfires. Because most such forests are inherently resilient to stand‐replacing disturbances, and burn severity mosaics are largely indifferent to manipulations of stand structure (i.e., weather‐driven, rather than fuel‐driven fire regimes), we posit that pre‐fire climate adaptation options are generally fewer in these regimes relative to others. Outside of areas of high human value, stand‐scale fuel treatments commonly emphasized for other forest types would undermine many of the functions, ecosystem services, and other values for which these forests are known. For stand‐replacing disturbance regimes, we propose that (1) managed wildfire use (e.g., allowing natural fires to burn under moderate conditions) can be a useful strategy as in other forest types, but likely confers fewer benefits to long‐term forest resilience and climate adaptation, while carrying greater socio‐ecological risks; (2) reasoned fire exclusion (i.e., the suppression component of a managed wildfire program) can be an appropriate strategy to maintain certain ecosystem conditions and services in the face of change, being more ecologically justifiable in long‐interval fire regimes and producing fewer of the negative consequences than in frequent‐fire regimes; (3) low‐risk pre‐disturbance adaptation options are few, but the most promising approaches emphasize fundamental conservation biology principles to create a safe operating space for the system to respond to change (e.g., maintaining heterogeneity across scales and minimizing stressors); and (4) post‐disturbance conditions are the primary opportunity to implement adaptation strategies (such as protecting live tree legacies and testing new regeneration methods), providing crucial learning opportunities. This approach will provide greater context and understanding of these systems for ecologists and resource managers, stimulate future development of adaptation strategies, and illustrate why public expectations for climate adaptation in these forests will differ from those for frequent‐fire forests.

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“…, Franklin and Johnson , Raymond et al. , Lindenmayer et al. ), rather than focusing exclusively on old‐growth or rotation‐age production forests.…”

Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The nature of the beast: examining climate adaptation options in forests with stand‐replacing fire regimes

et al. 2018

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Trade‐offs among management objectives in mature Douglas‐fir forests of the Pacific Northwest

Williams,

Powers

2024

Ecosphere

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Mature conifer‐dominated forests are an important component of the Pacific Northwest landscape, and the conservation of species associated with late‐successional forests has been a primary management focus in these forests for decades. Increasingly, these forests are also valued as carbon stores, with considerable climate change mitigation potential. However, there are also increasing concerns about the effects of climate change, particularly drought, on late‐successional forests. Despite the complexity of balancing these diverse management concerns, few studies have examined the compatibility of biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and drought adaptation. We used a spatially and temporally synchronous empirical dataset from mature Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands representing three alternative management strategies, passive management (“unmanaged”), thinning, and retention harvest, to examine trade‐offs among management objectives related to drought adaptation, carbon storage, and the conservation of early‐successional and late‐successional forest songbirds. Although previous studies have evaluated drought adaptation in Douglas‐fir, none have focused on mature stands. Therefore, we also examined tree resistance and resilience to the 2001 drought. Trees in retention harvest stands displayed significantly higher drought resistance and resilience than trees in thinned or unmanaged stands, but no differences were observed between trees in the latter two management conditions, potentially due to the long (average of 22 years) period between treatment and drought in our thinned stands. Despite this, thinned stands provided a better multiobjective compromise than unmanaged or retention harvest stands in our trade‐off analysis. Across all mature stands, trade‐offs were largest for objective combinations that involved early‐ or late‐successional forest birds. While our analysis supports the consistency of managing late‐successional forest birds and carbon storage, trade‐offs between early‐successional birds and carbon storage were much larger. Given projected changes in climate, the substantial trade‐offs that we observed between drought adaptation and late‐successional forest birds are notable and imply that achieving these two objectives will be challenging at the stand scale. Our results suggest that a diversity of management approaches, incorporating both active management and reserve‐based strategies, may be necessary to foster a combination of drought adaptation, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation goals in these forests.

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Responding to climate change in forest management: two decades of recommendations

Hagerman

Pelai

2018

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Recommendations for responding to climate change in forest management have proliferated over the past two decades. A systematic review of the scientific literature revealed that the majority of such recommendations (86%) focused primarily on maintaining existing ecological patterns and processes via either passive or active adaptation approaches, while 14% focused on transformation to new system configurations through active interventions. Most recommendations (69%) were general, non‐specific principles and derived from research conducted in North America or Europe. These findings highlight the need for (1) more actionable recommendations and diversification in geographic inquiry, specifically in Asia, Africa, Oceania, Latin America, and the Caribbean; (2) increased contributions from social science and mixed social–ecological inquiry; and (3) governance processes that enhance dialogue among stakeholders to better anticipate and navigate the trade‐offs implied by potential future forests in the decades to come.

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Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the North Cascades region, Washington

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

The nature of the beast: examining climate adaptation options in forests with stand‐replacing fire regimes

The nature of the beast: examining climate adaptation options in forests with stand‐replacing fire regimes

Trade‐offs among management objectives in mature Douglas‐fir forests of the Pacific Northwest

Responding to climate change in forest management: two decades of recommendations

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