Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Warm Weather

Jeffers, Matthew; Chaney, Larry; Rugh, John

doi:10.4271/2015-01-0355

Cited by 70 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Over 50% range reduction due to heating the cabin in winter has been observed in EV tests for the UDDS driving cycle, which were performed at Argonne National Lab [9]. Range reduction due to A/C operation in the summer time is slightly lower for EV as reported in [10], and [11], however, the impact of A/C operation on vehicle energy consumption is still considerable and the comparison with the heating counterpart can be quite different for different driving cycles and powertrain configurations. For example, regarding the HEV applications, since the cabin heating may utilize the engine coolant heat, its impact on fuel economy may not be as dramatic as the one in the EV applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

MPC-based Precision Cooling Strategy (PCS) for Efficient Thermal Management of Automotive Air Conditioning System

Wang

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)

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In this paper, we propose an MPC-based precision cooling strategy (PCS) for energy efficient thermal management of automotive air conditioning (A/C) system. The proposed PCS is able to provide precise tracking of the time-varying cooling power trajectory, which is assumed to match the passenger comfort requirements. In addition, by leveraging the emerging connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) technology, vehicle speed preview can be incorporated in our A/C thermal management strategy for further energy efficiency improvement. This proposed A/C thermal management strategy is developed and evaluated based on a physics-based A/C system model (ACSim) from Ford Motor Company for the vehicles with electrified powertrains. In a comparison with Ford benchmark case over SC03 cycle, for tracking the same cooling power trajectory, the proposed PCS provides 4.9% energy saving at the cost of slight increase in the cabin temperature (less than 1 o C). It is also demonstrated that by coordinating with future vehicle speed and shifting the A/C power load, the A/C energy consumption can be further reduced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

MPC-based Precision Cooling Strategy (PCS) for Efficient Thermal Management of Automotive Air Conditioning System

Wang

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)

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“…Thermal analysis tools were used to complement outdoor vehicle testing in evaluating thermal load reduction strategies. The analysis tools and simulation methodology are detailed in [2]. Computer-aided design (CAD) geometry of the Focus Electric was provided by Ford and used to develop RadTherm and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) meshes for the vehicle model.…”

Section: Fluent/radtherm Co-simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through a cooperative research and development agreement, the Ford Motor Co. provided two Ford Focus Electric vehicles for outdoor thermal testing at NREL. The same vehicles and test setup as described in [2] for warm weather testing were used for cold weather thermal load reduction evaluation. The test vehicles each contained over 40 calibrated thermocouples to measure interior and exterior air and surface temperatures.…”

Section: Cold Weather Testing Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Cold Weather

Jeffers

Chaney

Rugh

2016

SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst.

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When operated, the cabin climate control system is the largest auxiliary load on a vehicle. This load has significant impact on fuel economy for conventional and hybrid vehicles, and it drastically reduces the driving range of all-electric vehicles (EVs). Heating is even more detrimental to EV range than cooling because no engine waste heat is available. Reducing the thermal loads on the vehicle climate control system will extend driving range and increase the market penetration of EVs. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have evaluated strategies for vehicle climate control load reduction with special attention toward grid-connected electric vehicles. Outdoor vehicle thermal testing and computational modeling were used to assess potential strategies for improved thermal management and to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal load reduction technologies. A human physiology model was also used to evaluate the impact on occupant thermal comfort. Experimental evaluations of zonal heating strategies demonstrated a 5.5% to 28.5% reduction in cabin heating energy over a 20-minute warm-up. Vehicle simulations over various drive cycles show a 6.9% to 18.7% improvement in EV range over baseline heating using the most promising zonal heating strategy investigated. A national-level analysis was conducted to determine the overall national impact. If all vehicles used the best zonal strategy, the range would be improved by 7.1% over the baseline heating range. This is a 33% reduction in the range penalty for heating.

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“…The quantification of a number of individual thermal load reduction strategies has been performed for both heating and cooling at the proof-of-concept level. For instance, an infrared reflective windshield combined with pre-ventilation demonstrated on a pre-production electric vehicle reduced the transient 20-minute A/C cool-down energy consumption in summer conditions by 44.2% [3]. Similarly, a combination of driver-only panel air ventilation in combination with heated seating, steering wheel, and floor mat demonstrated on the pre-production electric vehicle reduced the 20-minute transient heating energy consumption in winter conditions by 28.5% [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Load Reduction System Development in a Hyundai Sonata PHEV

Kreutzer

Rugh

Tomerlin

2017

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Increased market penetration of electric drive vehicles (EDVs) requires overcoming a number of hurdles, including limited vehicle range and the elevated cost in comparison to conventional vehicles. Climate control loads have a significant impact on range, cutting it by over 50% in both cooling and heating conditions. To minimize the impact of climate control on EDV range, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has partnered with Hyundai America and key industry partners to quantify the performance of thermal load reduction technologies on a Hyundai Sonata plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Technologies that impact vehicle cabin heating in cold weather conditions and cabin cooling in warm weather conditions were evaluated. Tests included thermal transient and steady-state periods for all technologies, including the development of a new test methodology to evaluate the performance of occupant thermal conditioning. Heated surfaces demonstrated significant reductions in energy use from steady-state heating, including a 29%-59% reduction from heated surfaces. Solar control glass packages demonstrated significant reductions in energy use for both transient and steady-state cooling, with up to a 42% reduction in transient and 12.8% reduction in steady-state energy use for the packages evaluated. Technologies that demonstrated significant climate control load reduction were selected for incorporation into a complete thermal load reduction package. The complete package is set to be evaluated in the second phase of the ongoing project.

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Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Warm Weather

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

MPC-based Precision Cooling Strategy (PCS) for Efficient Thermal Management of Automotive Air Conditioning System

MPC-based Precision Cooling Strategy (PCS) for Efficient Thermal Management of Automotive Air Conditioning System

Climate Control Load Reduction Strategies for Electric Drive Vehicles in Cold Weather

Thermal Load Reduction System Development in a Hyundai Sonata PHEV

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