Climate directly influences Eocene mammal faunal dynamics in North America

Woodburne, Michael O.; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Stucky, Richard K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0906802106

Cited by 101 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, by the Mid-Eocene, Primates as a whole were beginning to decline even as crown-group Simiiformes were diversifying. Simiiformes radiated in a world that was cooling and drying throughout the Eocene [40], as the area of habitat similar to modern tropical forests was declining [41] and possibly filling up with competitors such as arboreal rodents [42]. New World primates, in particular, show an extremely balanced topology.…”

Section: Winners and Losers: Pinpointing Shifts In Diversification Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The shape of mammalian phylogeny: patterns, processes and scales

Purvis

Fritz

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Mammalian phylogeny is far too asymmetric for all contemporaneous lineages to have had equal chances of diversifying. We consider this asymmetry or imbalance from four perspectives. First, we infer a minimal set of 'regime changes'-points at which net diversification rate has changedidentifying 15 significant radiations and 12 clades that may be 'downshifts'. We next show that mammalian phylogeny is similar in shape to a large set of published phylogenies of other vertebrate, arthropod and plant groups, suggesting that many clades may diversify under a largely shared set of 'rules'. Third, we simulate six simple macroevolutionary models, showing that those where speciation slows down as geographical or niche space is filled, produce more realistic phylogenies than do models involving key innovations. Lastly, an analysis of the spatial scaling of imbalance shows that the phylogeny of species within an assemblage, ecoregion or larger area always tends to be more unbalanced than expected from the phylogeny of species at the next more inclusive spatial scale. We conclude with a verbal model of mammalian macroevolution, which emphasizes the importance to diversification of accessing new regions of geographical or niche space.

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Section: Winners and Losers: Pinpointing Shifts In Diversification Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The shape of mammalian phylogeny: patterns, processes and scales

Purvis

Fritz

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Climate change has produced shifts in the distributions and abundances of many species in ancient times (Woodburne et al 2009) as well as over the past few decades (Thomas et al 2004). Climate change is currently causing species extinction (McLaughlin et al 2002) and will continue to cause species extinction in the future (Schwartz et al 2006;Shoo et al 2006;Sekercioglu et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenges to conservation and environmental management are immense (Wiens et al 2009). To guide conservation planning, scientists have predicted range shifts of different taxa, including mammals (Davies et al 2009;Woodburne et al 2009), birds (Huntley et al 2006;Both & te Marvelde 2007;Beale et al 2008;Sekercioglu et al 2008;Hockey & Midgley 2009), amphibians (Pounds et al 2006) and alpine plants (Kikvidze et al 2005), and in different regions, such as wet tropics (Colwell et al 2008), the Western Hemisphere (Lawler et al 2009) and Europe (Thuiller et al 2005). These studies attempt to assess the responses of species to climate change, and attempt to determine the degree to which their distributions are affected by climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change induced range shifts of Galliformes in China

Tian

2010

Integrative Zoology

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Climate change will cause range shifts of many species in the future. Galliformes might be particularly vulnerable to climate change, as they have low dispersal ability. Little is known about their possible responses to the future climate. We used a generalized additive model to predict the current and future ranges of all 63 Galliformes in China, based on a comprehensive species occurrence database and a combination of climate variables. Other environmental variables (e.g. elevation and human footprint index) were also considered, as well as the latitude and longitude of the occurrences. Principal component analysis was conducted to illustrate the association between environmental variables and Galliformes distributions. Using the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 climate change scenario for 2071-2100, we projected that 29 species would have range shifts over 50%, including 13 endemic species. Galliformes at higher elevation face greater range shifts. Northward shifts are greater than those in other directions. We suggest conservationists pay special attention to the 29 Galliformes that face extensive range shifts, especially the endemic species among them.

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“…However, although predictive models can give important clues to short-term biotic reactions 4,5 , only the fossil record can provide empirical data on evolutionary responses during long periods of profound climatic and environmental change [6][7][8][9] . Here we demonstrate that the evolution of predatory behaviour in North American canids (for example, foxes and wolves; family Canidae) has been influenced by climatic and environmental transformation over the later Cenozoic (the past B37 million years (Myr ago)).…”

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confidence: 99%

Habitat changes and changing predatory habits in North American fossil canids

et al. 2015

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The spread of open grassy habitats and the evolution of long-legged herbivorous mammals with high-crowned cheek teeth have been viewed as an example of coevolution. Previous studies indicate that specialized predatory techniques in carnivores do not correlate with the spread of open habitats in North America. Here we analyse new data on elbow-joint shape for North American canids over the past B37 million years and show that incipiently specialized species first appeared along with the initial spread of open habitats in the late Oligocene. Elbow-joint morphologies indicative of the behavior of modern pounce-pursuit predators emerged by the late Miocene coincident with a shift in plant communities from C 3 to C 4 grasses. Finally, pursuit canids first emerged during the Pleistocene. Our results indicate that climate change and its impact on vegetation and habitat structure can be critical for the emergence of ecological innovations and can alter the direction of lineage evolution.

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Climate directly influences Eocene mammal faunal dynamics in North America

Abstract: Bridgerian Crash ͉ climate change ͉ EECO ͉ faunal change ͉ mammal faunas

Cited by 101 publications

References 30 publications

The shape of mammalian phylogeny: patterns, processes and scales

The shape of mammalian phylogeny: patterns, processes and scales

Climate change induced range shifts of Galliformes in China

Habitat changes and changing predatory habits in North American fossil canids

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