Climate‐driven changes in chemical weathering and associated phosphorus release since 1850: Implications for the land carbon balance

Goll, Daniel S.; Moosdorf, Nils; Hartmann, Jens; Brovkin, Victor

doi:10.1002/2014gl059471

Cited by 50 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Besides prescribing release rates as done in this study, OR-CHIDEE can simulate phosphorus release as a function of mineral phosphorus concentration, weatherability of minerals, intensity of the hydrological cycles, as well as temperature (Hartmann and Moosdorf, 2012;Goll et al, 2014). All additional variables and parameters are found in Tables A2 and A3.…”

Section: Appendix A: Phosphorus Release By Chemical Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We take full advantage of the high resolution of the lithological data (Hartmann and Moosdorf, 2012) by assigning each ORCHIDEE grid box the fractional coverage of the 16 lithological classes, thereby accounting for sub-grid-scale heterogeneity in lithology. Following Goll et al (2014), we use 3-month running averages of the climatic drivers (q ann , T 2 m ). On that timescale, the soil temperature follows the 2 m air temperature in most regions of the globe.…”

Section: Appendix A: Phosphorus Release By Chemical Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A representation of the phosphorus cycle for ORCHIDEE (revision 4520)

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Land surface models rarely incorporate the terrestrial phosphorus cycle and its interactions with the carbon cycle, despite the extensive scientific debate about the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus supply for future land carbon uptake. We describe a representation of the terrestrial phosphorus cycle for the ORCHIDEE land surface model, and evaluate it with data from nutrient manipulation experiments along a soil formation chronosequence in Hawaii.ORCHIDEE accounts for the influence of the nutritional state of vegetation on tissue nutrient concentrations, photosynthesis, plant growth, biomass allocation, biochemical (phosphatase-mediated) mineralization, and biological nitrogen fixation. Changes in the nutrient content (quality) of litter affect the carbon use efficiency of decomposition and in return the nutrient availability to vegetation. The model explicitly accounts for root zone depletion of phosphorus as a function of root phosphorus uptake and phosphorus transport from the soil to the root surface.The model captures the observed differences in the foliage stoichiometry of vegetation between an early (300-year) and a late (4.1 Myr) stage of soil development. The contrasting sensitivities of net primary productivity to the addition of either nitrogen, phosphorus, or both among sites are in general reproduced by the model. As observed, the model simulates a preferential stimulation of leaf level productivity when nitrogen stress is alleviated, while leaf level productivity and leaf area index are stimulated equally when phosphorus stress is alleviated. The nutrient use efficiencies in the model are lower than observed primarily due to biases in the nutrient content and turnover of woody biomass.We conclude that ORCHIDEE is able to reproduce the shift from nitrogen to phosphorus limited net primary productivity along the soil development chronosequence, as well as the contrasting responses of net primary productivity to nutrient addition.

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Section: Appendix A: Phosphorus Release By Chemical Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix A: Phosphorus Release By Chemical Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A representation of the phosphorus cycle for ORCHIDEE (revision 4520)

et al. 2017

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“…Several authors have tried to constrain these fluxes studying the chemistry of large rivers (Gaillardet et al, 1999), using phenomenological models to determine global weathering fluxes for different types of lithological classes (Bluth and Kump, 1994;Goll et al, 2014;Hartmann, 2009;Hartmann et al, 2009;Hartmann et al, 2014;Suchet and Probst, 1993), or applying mechanistic models based on kinetic equations and hydrology to quantify the weathering fluxes from soil-rock system to the rivers (Beaulieu et al, 2012;Goddéris et al, 2013;Goddéris et al, 2006;Roelandt et al, 2010). Nevertheless, the mechanistic models require as an important input the soil partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ), which controls the saturation state with respect to minerals and therefore the amount of minerals that can be dissolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem controlled soil-rock pCO2 and carbonate weathering – Constraints by temperature and soil water content

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C TCarbonate dissolution in soil-groundwater systems depends dominantly on pH, temperature and the saturation state of the solution with respect to abundant minerals. The pH of the solution is, in general, controlled by partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) produced by ecosystem respiration, which is controlled by temperature and water availability. In order to better understand the control of land temperature on carbonate weathering, a database of published spring water hydrogeochemistry was built and analysed. Assuming that spring water is in equilibrium with the soil-water-rock-atmosphere, the soil pCO 2 can be back-calculated. Based on a database of spring water chemistry, the average soil-rock CO 2 was calculated by an inverse model framework and a strong relationship with temperature was observed. The identified relationship suggests a temperature control on carbonate weathering as a result of variations in soil-rock pCO 2 , which is itself controlled by ecosystem respiration processes. The findings are relevant for global scale analysis of carbonate weathering and carbon fluxes to the ocean, because concentration of weathering products from the soil-rock-system into the river system in humid, high temperature regions, are suggested to be larger than in low temperature regions. Furthermore, results suggest that, in specific spring samples, the hydrochemical evolution of rain water percolating through the soilrock complex can best be described by an open system with pCO 2 controlled by the ecosystem. Abundance of evaporites and pyrite sources influence significantly the chemistry of spring water and corrections must be taken into account in order to implement the inverse model framework presented in this study. Annual surface temperature and soil water content were identified as suitable variables to develop the parameterization of soil-rock pCO 2 , mechanistically consistent with soil respiration rate findings.

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“…In turn, this coupling is a measure of the strength of the negative feedback between climate/atmospheric pCO 2 and silicate weathering. A weak coupling implies that weathering fluxes change little in response to changes in climate, whereas a strong coupling suggests that weathering responds rapidly to small changes in climate (West, 2012;Goll et al, 2014;. Our work demonstrates that weatherability cannot necessarily be treated as a constant, even over the short timescales that characterize rapid climate change in the geologic record.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The spatial sensitivity of the weathering feedback points to the importance of further development of spatially explicit weathering models coupled to or driven by global climate models (e.g., Munhoven, 2002;Goddéris et al, 2008;Lefebvre et al, 2013;Goll et al, 2014; that will allow us to better quantify how the interaction between lithologic exposure, tectonic processes, configuration of continents, and climate sets the strength of the silicate weathering feedback through time. Though we have focused here on the role of lithology in determining the efficiency of silicate weathering, exposure of more rapidly eroding areas (e.g., higher Dw values) due to tectonic uplift (e.g., Waldbauer and Chamberlain, 2005;West et al, 2005;Hilley et al, 2010;Norton and von …”

Section: Dw Weatherability and A Variable Silicate Weathering Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoclimate Constraints on Terrestrial Hydroclimate, Silicate Weathering, and the Carbon Cycle

Ibarra¹

2018

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Maintenance of a habitable planet requires connections and balance among Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. Further, the strength of the feedbacks and couplings determines the stability of conditions in the surface climate system necessary for the evolution of life. Records of Earth’s past climate, paleoclimate records, provide constraints beyond the reach of the instrumental record on the directionality, strength and co-evolution of key Earth system cycles. This includes the geologic carbon cycle, the water cycle and the planet’s energy balance. Crucially, the geography, topography and lithology of Earth’s continents have two important features that are the focus of this dissertation. First, the continents provide boundary conditions that determine global circulation and hydroclimate patterns that couple Earth’s water and carbon cycles (Chapters 1 and 2). Second, the land surface provides a stabilizing negative feedback in the form of silicate weathering fluxes (Chapters 3 and 4, and Appendix E), balancing the long-term carbon cycle through alkalinity and solute delivery to the oceans, and subsequent carbonate burial. In this dissertation I use data, observations and modeling to place mechanistic constraints on how interactions between Earth’s surface and long-term biogeochemical cycles maintain balance and habitable conditions in our climate system conducive for the evolution of life. Fundamental to understanding our climate system is predicting the anticipated sign of terrestrial hydroclimate change during periods of climatic change. To this end I have investigated the regional response of hydroclimate change using paleoclimate records from mid-latitude lake systems. First, in Chapter 1, I have developed an inverse model to quantify how a mid-latitude lake system in Asia, the Songliao Basin, responded to a transient warming event during the Cretaceous. This model was also applied to a Holocene ostracod record from Lake Miragoane, Haiti. Second, in Chapter 2, I compile spatial distributions and size estimates of pluvial lake systems in western North America during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. By imposing mass and energy balance constraints (sensu Budyko) I forward modeled lake area distributions to demonstrate that now-arid western North America was wetter during both past colder and warmer periods during the Pliocene-Pleistocene, a result not predicted for future warming scenarios. Geologic observations primarily suggest wetter conditions globally during warmer-than-present periods. Importantly, this observation is a requirement for the operation of the stabilizing negative feedback between silicate weathering and climate. Understanding the factors that control silicate weathering rates is fundamental to constraining the evolution of Earth’s carbon cycle over geologic timescales. One challenge for reconstructing past weathering rates is determining the reactivity of Earth’s surface. In Chapter 3 I have quantified the reactivity of modern basalt and granite catchments using a process-based solute production model and concentration-discharge weathering relationships. This approach provides mechanisms that link runoff (i.e., terrestrial hydroclimate changes that were the focus of Chapters 1 and 2) with the distribution of global sub-aerial silicate lithologies. In Chapter 4 I utilize an emerging metal isotope system, lithium isotopes, to investigate the terrestrial weathering response to a large perturbation in the carbon cycle during the Cretaceous. We determine that the background-state of the Cretaceous weathering system was more congruent and, hence, more sensitive to perturbations in the carbon cycle than during the Neogene. Finally, in Appendix E I have quantified how step-wise geologic evolution of land plants strengthened the silicate weathering feedback over the Phanerozoic. I have developed a new reactive transport framework for evaluating the relative plant-controlled roles of hydrologic versus thermodynamic mechanisms that influence the coupling between the water cycle and silicate weathering fluxes on a continental scale. The results described in this dissertation constrain links between two connected portions of the exogenic Earth system. I have provided constraints for how the land surface records past changes in regional atmospheric circulation patterns, as well as regional water and energy balances. Further, using reactive transport modeling, I have placed new constraints on the role of plants and lithology in determining the coupling between terrestrial hydroclimate and weathering. Collectively these results suggest that the surface Earth system, our planet’s fluid envelope, has been progressively tuned by the advent of continents and the evolution of life. [Note: this is the non-embargoed portion of my dissertation]

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Climate‐driven changes in chemical weathering and associated phosphorus release since 1850: Implications for the land carbon balance

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

A representation of the phosphorus cycle for ORCHIDEE (revision 4520)

A representation of the phosphorus cycle for ORCHIDEE (revision 4520)

Ecosystem controlled soil-rock pCO2 and carbonate weathering – Constraints by temperature and soil water content

Paleoclimate Constraints on Terrestrial Hydroclimate, Silicate Weathering, and the Carbon Cycle

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