Climate influence on plant–pollinator interactions in the keystone species <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>

Olsen, Siri Lie; Evju, Marianne; Åström, Jens; Løkken, Jørn Olav; Dahle, Sondre; Andresen, Jonas L.; Eide, Nina E.

doi:10.1002/ece3.8910

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Our study design (10 sites distributed evenly along a 675 m elevation range) allowed us to explore the gradual change from dense, lowland forest up to the alpine tree line, rather than contrasting a few, different ecosystems along the gradient (e.g. Olsen et al, 2022 ; Pato & Obeso, 2012b ). This enabled us to confirm both unimodal and linear trends in bilberry performance along the elevational gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use climatic space‐for‐time substitutions with care: Not only climate, but also local environment affect performance of the key forest species bilberry along elevation gradient

Auestad,

Rydgren,

Halvorsen

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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An urgent aim of ecology is to understand how key species relate to climatic and environmental variation, to better predict their prospects under future climate change. The abundant dwarf shrub bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) has caught particular interest due to its uphill expansion into alpine areas. Species' performance under changing climate has been widely studied using the climatic space‐for‐time approach along elevation gradients, but potentially confounding, local environmental variables that vary along elevation gradients have rarely been considered. In this study, performed in 10 sites along an elevation gradient (200–875 m) in W Norway, we recorded species composition and bilberry performance, both vegetative (ramet size and cover) and reproductive (berry and seed production) properties, over one to 4 years. We disentangled effects of local environmental variables and between‐year, climatic variation (precipitation and temperature), and identified shared and unique contributions of these variables by variation partitioning. We found bilberry ramet size, cover and berry production to peak at intermediate elevations, whereas seed production increased upwards. The peaks were less pronounced in extreme (dry or cold) summers than in normal summers. Local environmental variables explained much variation in ramet size and cover, less in berry production, and showed no relation to seed production. Climatic variables explained more of the variation in berry and seed production than in ramet size and cover, with temperature relating to vegetative performance, and precipitation to reproductive performance. Bilberry's clonal growth and effective reproduction probably explain why the species persists in the forest and at the same time invades alpine areas. Our findings raise concerns of the appropriateness of the climatic space‐for‐time approach. We recommend including both climatic and local environmental variables in studies of variation along elevation gradients and conclude that variation partitioning can be a useful supplement to other methods for analysing variation in plant performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use climatic space‐for‐time substitutions with care: Not only climate, but also local environment affect performance of the key forest species bilberry along elevation gradient

Auestad,

Rydgren,

Halvorsen

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…However, Vaccinium spp., the dominant species in older Scots pine stands, is considered a keystone species, and a valuable resource for insects (especially Lepidoptera spp., Bombus spp.) (Ritchie, 1956, Olsen et al, 2022, although not part of the scope of this study. Potentially, we may have missed a rich and diverse part of Scots pine forest-associated biodiversity.…”

Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old trees in young forests : Biodiversity management in planted conifer forests in southern Sweden

Lariviere¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Sweden’s long history of intensive forest management has made conservation measures in the forest landscape necessary to counteract the loss of biodiversity. Retention forestry has been systematically practiced since 1993 and consists of the preservation of different structures and habitats to create and maintain suitable habitats for species that do not cope well with clear-cutting. Many of these stands are now entering thinning. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how choices in forest management contribute to biodiversity with the example of tree retention in thinning or through the choice of rotation length. First, gap cutting around old oaks (Quercus robur) in a Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest was investigated as an example of retention management in southern Sweden (I + II). We found that oaks contributed to the diversity of the stand due to their specific associated species. The removal of Norway spruce next to the oaks at the time of thinning boosted oak vitality and increased the species richness and abundance of vascular plants and saproxylic beetles due to increased temperature and light exposure, especially oak-associated beetles. In another study, the effect of forest age was investigated on four taxa: birds, bryophytes, lichens, and vascular plants in Norway spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands (III). The older stands, both of Norway spruce and Scots pine, had a distinct species community of understorey species and epiphytes. In Norway spruce stands, older stands typically had more deadwood, which could have favoured bryophytes and birds by providing specific habitats and resources. Older Scots pine stands had the highest lichen species richness, but the implementation of other understorey species was impaired by the dominance of a few competitive dominating species. Finally, we explored the potential of using a canopy height model (CHM) to find and map retention trees (IV). We concluded that this method is a cost-effective solution to map and characterise past retention efforts to facilitate forest management and ensure that old trees are kept throughout the present and subsequent rotations. Our results indicate that this method can discern retention areas to an accuracy of 66%. The findings in this thesis provide knowledge on how the management of retention trees and the choice of rotation length can support biodiversity and provide guidelines for forest management so that their positive effects on forest biodiversity can be maintained over time.

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“…Odontogenic infections and liberal use of antibiotics can also mask the symptoms and delay necessary surgical treatments [48]. In addition to superinfection induced by antibiotics [15] [21], adverse drug interactions must be taken into consideration, as they can reduce the effect [28]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Recovery from Superinfections and Soft Tissue Necrosis

Helovuo¹,

Tunnela²,

Ollikainen³

et al. 2022

OJST

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The aim of the study was to gather further information regarding the reasons for superinfections and soft tissue necrosis, and to compare them with common gingivitis and periodontitis. A further aim is to see if there are differences in the recovery from these diseases which all are associated with microorganisms. The information was gathered retrospectively from 250 patients and altogether 4022 visits to a specialist. The material was chosen randomly according to the first letter of the patient's surname, among the 250 patients that were selected. The treatments of 155 patients took place between 1987-2016. The treatment of some patients had started earlier, but the controls had been continued for a long time after 1987. The examinations have been clinical, microbiological, and based on anamnesis, roentgenograms and histopathological examinations. The follow-up time was between 1 to 40 years. The patients who had periodontitis or superinfection were treated in the same way. Antibiotic therapy was prescribed for recurring infections, or if the patient had a difficult disease. In periodontal-endodontic infections, root canals were treated. Periapical lesions were surgically treated. Both periodontitis and superinfections occurred predominantly in the age group between 41 and 60 years. Narcotic-or snuff-addicts were not included in the material, nor were alcoholics, although 6 patients did report moderate use of alcohol. Diseases and other infections had been treated both in patients with periodontitis and in the superinfection group. Oral symptoms were the same, except that the superinfections were violent. The difference in diagnosis was based on the anamnestic information of the antibiotics which induced the acute reaction, on the clinical and microbiological studies. The patients had received 12 different antibiotics, from which 10 induced superinfection. Extraction of teeth did not prevent normal infection, nor superinfection. The infections appeared as ulcers, white coverings or the flush of mucosa, and if the teeth remained, gingival pockets were purulent. The found micro-organisms were yeasts, mould, bacteria, also periodontopathogens. In the superinfection group, some

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Climate influence on plant–pollinator interactions in the keystone species Vaccinium myrtillus

Cited by 7 publications

References 78 publications

Use climatic space‐for‐time substitutions with care: Not only climate, but also local environment affect performance of the key forest species bilberry along elevation gradient

Use climatic space‐for‐time substitutions with care: Not only climate, but also local environment affect performance of the key forest species bilberry along elevation gradient

Old trees in young forests : Biodiversity management in planted conifer forests in southern Sweden

Origins and Recovery from Superinfections and Soft Tissue Necrosis

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