Climate-influenced ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed masting trends in western Montana, USA

Keyes, Christopher R.; González, Rubén Manso

doi:10.5424/fs/2015241-05606

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5) are consistent with a climate influence on cone initiation (Oliver and Ryker 1990). Keyes and Manso (2015) found that wetter May-August conditions were associated with years of higher cone and seed production in the Northern Rockies, consistent with our finding. Other studies in the Rocky Mountains have linked seasonal climate to cone and seed production, although climate effects on reproduction are highly variable within and between regions (Mooney et al 2011, Keyes andManso 2015).…”

Section: Climate and Post-fire Conifer Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Other studies in the Rocky Mountains have linked seasonal climate to cone and seed production, although climate effects on reproduction are highly variable within and between regions (Mooney et al. , Keyes and Manso ). In addition, we found warmer‐ and drier‐than‐average conditions three years prior to ponderosa pine regeneration pulses, conditions shown to increase reproductive output and initiate cone production in many conifer species (Owens and Blake , Krannitz and Duralia , Roland et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of growing‐season climate on tree growth and post‐fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests

et al. 2019

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We studied the impacts of climate variability on low‐elevation forests in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains by quantifying how post‐fire tree regeneration and radial growth varied with growing‐season climate. We reconstructed post‐fire regeneration and radial growth rates of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii at 33 sites that burned between 1992 and 2007, by aging seedlings at the root–shoot boundary. We also measured radial growth in adult trees from 12 additional sites that burned between 1900 and 1990. To quantify the relationship between climate and regeneration, we characterized seasonal climate before, during, and after recruitment pulses using superposed epoch analysis. To quantify growth sensitivity to climate, we performed moving regression analysis for each species and for juvenile and adult life stages. Climatic conditions favoring regeneration and tree growth differed between species. Water deficit and temperature were significantly lower than average during recruitment pulses of ponderosa pine, suggesting that germination‐year climate limits regeneration. Growing degree days were significantly higher than average during years with Douglas‐fir recruitment pulses, but water deficit was significantly lower one year following pulses, suggesting moisture sensitivity in two‐year‐old seedlings. Growth was also sensitive to water deficit, but effects varied between life stages, species, and through time, with juvenile ponderosa pine growth more sensitive to climate than adult growth and juvenile Douglas‐fir growth. Increasing water deficit corresponded with reduced adult growth of both species. Increases in maximum temperature and water deficit corresponded with increases in juvenile growth of both species in the early 20th century but strong reductions in growth for juvenile ponderosa pine in recent decades. Changing sensitivity of growth to climate suggests that increased temperature and water deficit may be pushing these species toward the edge of their climatic tolerances. Our study demonstrates increased vulnerability of dry mixed‐conifer forests to post‐fire regeneration failures and decreased growth as temperatures and drought increase. Shifts toward unfavorable conditions for regeneration and juvenile growth may alter the composition and resilience of low‐elevation forests to future climate and fire activity.

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Section: Climate and Post-fire Conifer Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of growing‐season climate on tree growth and post‐fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests

et al. 2019

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“…() found that 2‐yr lagged May precipitation and 1‐ and 2‐yr lagged summer temperatures explained 54% of variability in white spruce ( Picea glauca ) seed crops in the Yukon Territory. Keyes and González () observed that seed production in Ponderosa pine ( P. ponderosa ) in Montana was positively correlated with spring temperatures and growing season precipitation. Cain and Shelton () studied seed production for 24 yr in loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ) and shortleaf pine ( P. echinata ) in the southern United States and found significant positive correlations with summer precipitation 2 yr prior to seed dispersal, and negative correlations with August temperatures 2 yr before seed dispersal; these findings supported similar results reported by Wenger () and Lamb et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Recently, Keyes and González () found evidence for resource depletion in Ponderosa pine ( P. ponderosa ) in Montana over 10 yr of seedfall data, and Funk et al. () observed in Minnesota that bur oak, Q. macrocarpa (a masting species), needed a year to recover from a prescribed burn before producing acorns, whereas pin oak, Q. ellipsoidalis (a non‐masting species), produced acorns the first year after the fire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and endogenous drivers of tree mast production and synchrony in piñon–juniper–oak woodlands of New Mexico

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Tree masting (synchronous, episodic reproduction) is common worldwide and is hypothesized to be especially important in ecosystems with low species diversity and productivity as in semi-arid woodlands of the American Southwest. We analyzed mast dynamics of three dominant tree species, one-seed juniper (Cupressaceae: Juniperus monosperma), two-needle piñon pine (Pinaceae: Pinus edulis), and Sonoran scrub oak (Fagaceae: Quercus turbinella), on six sites during 1997-2016 within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. We tested multiple hypotheses regarding environmental and endogenous variables as controlling mechanisms, analyzing time-series mast production data in relation to weather variables (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, wind) over different time frames, and assessed evidence for weather tracking, resource switching, resource depletion, resource cycling, and pollen limitation. We found that (1) in univariate regression analyses, mast production in all three species was inversely related to lagged late-summer/autumn temperatures during fruit primordia formation (1-yr lag for juniper and oak, 2-yr lag for piñon pine). Juniper mast production (n = 412 trees) was positively related to current-year late-winter (February-April) precipitation, combined with a negative relationship with current-year summer temperatures. Piñon pine mast production (n = 210 trees) was positively related to 1-yr lagged total annual precipitation and negatively associated with current-year spring and summer temperatures. Oak mast production (n = 194 trees) also was positively related to current-year late-winter precipitation but was not affected by subsequent summer temperatures. (2) Multivariate environmental logistic regression models produced reasonable fits to observed field mast values. (3) High-mast years in juniper and oak were characterized by greater proportions of trees producing mast and increased mast production per tree. (4) Juniper, oak, and piñon pine mast years were highly synchronized. (5) We found indirect support for resource depletion in all three species at some sites and indirect support for resource cycling in oak populations. (6) We observed only marginal indirect evidence for resource switching in piñon pine and oak. (7) Analyses of atmospheric pollen abundance relative to mast production produced no significant relationships. Predictive models of mast production have direct applications to regional silviculture, wildlife management, and ecosystem services in Southwestern woodlands.

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“…Climate change might alter the hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean region (Mariotti et al, 2008), and models predict a reduction in total precipitation and drier summers (Christensen et al, 2007) as well as an increase in fire hazard (Moriondo et al, 2006;Pausas et al, 2008;Moreno et al, 2010). In Mediterranean areas, drought, fire and plant regeneration strategies are closely interlinked (Parra et al, 2012;Orsenigo et al, 2014;Keyes & Manso González, 2015); therefore, knowledge of seed germination of Mediterranean species is a key factor for ecosystem conservation and for directing regeneration efforts (Thomas & Garcia-Marti, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination of Phillyrea angustifolia L., a species of difficult propagation

2017

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Aim of study: The purpose was to determine the type of dormancy and the optimal germination conditions of Phillyrea angustifolia (Oleaceae) seeds.Area of study: Germination requirements of P. angustifolia seeds collected from wild plants growing in the province of Ávila (Central Spain) were studied.Materials and methods: Seed water uptake was measured. Seeds with and without an endocarp were germinated at different temperatures, and several treatments were tested.Main results: The lignified endocarp interferes mechanically with the emergence of the radicle, and the treatments that achieved the highest germination percentages were the total removal of the endocarp with pliers (84%) or the immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 min (97%). Scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid did not significantly increase germination compared to the control seeds, and treatments with dry heat or wet heat were detrimental to seed germination. The optimum temperature for germination was 15 ºC. A pre-sowing treatment of soaking in distilled water for 24 h slightly increased germination speed. Neither cold stratification at 5 ºC nor soaking in a gibberellic acid solution improved seed germination.Research highlights: Phillyrea angustifolia seeds have physiological dormancy -that is, the embryo does not have enough growth potential to overcome the mechanical restriction of the lignified endocarp. The seeds do not exhibit physical dormancy, given their water-permeable lignified endocarp. Our results suggest that the optimum germination protocol for P. angustifolia would be the total removal of the endocarp or immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 min, followed by immersion in distilled water for 24 h and then seed incubation at 15 ºC in light or darkness.

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Climate-influenced ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed masting trends in western Montana, USA

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Impacts of growing‐season climate on tree growth and post‐fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests

Impacts of growing‐season climate on tree growth and post‐fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests

Environmental and endogenous drivers of tree mast production and synchrony in piñon–juniper–oak woodlands of New Mexico

Seed germination of Phillyrea angustifolia L., a species of difficult propagation

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