Climate mitigation efficiency of nitrification and urease inhibitors: impact on N2O emission–A review

Climate-Neutral Agriculture?

“…This produced a set of publications [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] which included the following practices for reducing net agricultural GHG emissions that were not covered in the publications [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] found in the first search: forest conservation (Section 4.1.3), agroforestry (Section 4.1.6) and reducing the methane emission from rice paddies (Section 4.1.7). The publications collected [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] contained statements regarding potential quantitative climate benefits relevant to the worldwide application of the practices considered in this paper. The publications also contained quantitative information as to the worldwide net greenhouse gas emissions within the system boundaries of Figure 1.…”

“…An additional search was carried out to obtain missing data regarding agricultural N 2 O emissions and the net emissions of GHGs linked to fossil fuel and fertilizer inputs into farming and animal husbandry. Subsequently, the databases were searched for information shedding light on the correctness of the statements in the publications [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] regarding potential climate benefits.…”

“…The scope of the studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] is limited as to geographical coverage and types of agricultural production, Climate neutrality has also emerged in the certification of agricultural products [11]. Additionally, there are publications pointing out that specific practices can be important contributors to climate-change mitigation regarding agriculture [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. These publications consider reducing the emissions of agricultural GHGs and/or increasing carbon sequestration.…”

“…The current worldwide yearly emissions of the GHGs linked to the cradle-to-farmgate lifecycle of agricultural outputs has been estimated at about 25% of the yearly worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases (as GWP 100 CO 2 equivalents) [17], which corresponds with the emission of about 10 petagrams (Pg) of GWP 100 CO 2 equivalents [14]. In this review, practices that have been proposed as important contributions to mitigating the contribution of agriculture to climate change in scientific literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] will be discussed to establish the contributions to agricultural climate neutrality that they can deliver. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time that this has been done.…”

Reducing methane and nitrous oxide production in different soil types through utilizing Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val)

“…Methane (CH4) in soils is produced by methanogenesis under anaerobic [3], while nitrous oxide (N2O) is driven by nitrification (oxidation of NH4 + to NO3 − via NO2 − ) and denitrification (reduction of NO3 − to N2O and N2) [3][4] [5]. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced mainly by denitrification under anaerobic condition [6]. Denitrification reduces nitrate (NO3 − ) to N2O or dinitrogen (N2) in a stepwise process, in the latter case with N2O as an intermediate [7] [5].…”