Climate-resilient infrastructure

Abstract

This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.For Israel, change is measured between 1997-99 and 2009-11. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. CopyrightYou can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source

G20 GHG emissions by sector (% of total GHG emissions excluding LULUCF)

“…This process is likely to be most effective when it is integrated into existing processes for monitoring and evaluation, rather than being implemented as a standalone system. OECD analysis of infrastructure resilience shows that action is required across four policy areas (Vallejo and Mullan, 2017):…”

RAF Resilience Assessment Framework—A Tool to Support Cities’ Action Planning

“…For this reason, resilience also depends on the overall performance, interactions and capacity of its systems in their everyday operation, not solely on its ability to cope with specific natural hazards or to adapt targeted areas to the impacts of climate change [27]. Thus, it is essential to address interdependencies and cascading effects [28]. Another relevant aspect is that it needs to include both sudden crises as well as interacting long-term stressors, address multiple hazards, characterise the specific geographic extent, consider physical dimensions, involve community members and be adaptable and scalable to different communities and changing circumstances [24].…”

Innovative Approaches to Building Resilient Coastal Infrastructure

“…In addition, scientific information needs to be clearly communicated and understood by affected stakeholders to build a common vision and strategy for greater resilience. Some sources of information are already available, such as projections of future global sea levels by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and many OECD countries have produced their own national-level climate projections 12 . However, sea-level rise is among the most uncertain of climate impacts, both in terms of the magnitude of related future events (due to the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets), as well as the variation in regional distribution 13 .…”

“…• Fostering the potential of the private sector by structuring policies that encourage innovation in resilient infrastructure planning and design: For example, public procurement policies can facilitate innovation in the provision of climate-resilient infrastructure by specifying objectives rather than mandating the use of specific technologies 26 . For Public Private Partnership (PPP) contracts, it is important to clarify the allocation of responsibilities regarding climate-related risks in planning, management and response 27 . Physical climate risk disclosure 28 , as detailed below, has the potential to encourage private sector innovation, by informing investment decisions, raising awareness within organisations about their exposure to climate risks, and stimulating action to reduce those risks 29 .…”

“…Most OECD countries have indicated within their adaptation plans that they plan to design and implement a monitoring and evaluation system at the national level, but relatively few systems are currently operational 45 . To date, adaptation monitoring and evaluation remains far more common at the project and programme level 46 . In the UK, an evaluation of the effectiveness of their Shoreline Management plans resulted in a modified approach to coastal zone management from a purely reactive one to a more overtly proactive approach 47 .…”