Climate Resilient Sustainable Agriculture for Restoring the Soil Health and Increasing Rice Productivity as Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change in Indonesia

Abstract

Climate change (CC) is real and threatens the livelihood of most smallholder farmers who reside along the coastal area. The CC causes the rise of temperature (0.2-0.3°C/decade) and sea level (SRL = 5 mm/year), drought and floods to occur more frequently, the change of rainfall intensity and pattern and shifting of planting season and leads to the decreasing of crop yield or yield loss. Most of the paddy soil has been exhausted and degraded. About 50% of the rice field along the coastline is effected by high salinity and causes significant yield losses. The research was aimed to summarize the results of the system of organic based aerobic rice intensification (known as IPATBO) and of two climate filed school (CFS) in Cinganjeng and Rawapu that situated along the coastline of Pangandaran and Cilacap. Both IPATBO and CFS have adopted the strategy of climate-resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA) for restoring the soil health and increasing rice productivity, and as well as to empower the farmer community. The implementation of IPATBO (2010-2020) in the different areas has increased the soil health, fertilizers, and water efficiency (reduce inorganic by 25-50%, and water by 30-40%) and increased rice productivity by at least 25-50%. Both CFS in Ciganjeng and Rawaapu were able to improve soil fertility, increase rice productivity, and farmer capacity. This result concludes the agro-ecological based CRSA and CFS can be adopted for the increasing the resilient of agricultural practices and farmers in adapting to climate change

Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated From Saline Soil Improve Nitrogen Fixation and Alleviate Salt Stress in Rice Plants

“…Abundance and microbial biodiversity of rhizomicrobiome due to the application of H-PGPR inoculant ( P. stutzeri or K. pneumonia ) and increasing population of other beneficial PGPR play an important role in increasing the availability of growth factors and nutrients for supporting the rice growth and development ( Yao et al, 2010 ; Benaissa et al, 2019 ; Lami et al, 2020 ). The presence and domination of beneficial microbes in rhizomicrobiome improve the soil and plant health, enhance rice growth, and enhance rice productivity on saline soils ( Cavite et al, 2021 ; Daulay and Simarmata, 2021 ; Simarmata et al, 2021 ). Plant growth can be affected by the availability of nutrients, environmental conditions, and physiological processes that occur in plants ( Kusale et al, 2021a ).…”

Evaluating the Yields of the Rainfed Potato Crop under Climate Change Scenarios Using the AquaCrop Model in the Peruvian Altiplano

“…Under these current conditions in the Peruvian Altiplano, the introduction of heattolerant and drought-resistant potato genotypes [67,68], as well as the cultivation of bitter potato varieties [69], the development of irrigated agriculture reversing the loss of traditional knowledge [47], the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices [17], the adoption of strategies for climate-resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA) [18], and techniques to reduce crop water loss [70], are required as an essential strategy for adapting to climate change and variability, as these are issues of current global concern due to their impact on agricultural production [71].…”

“…It is a significant threat to the global food supply, mainly in family or subsistence farming [13], because it influences the primary conditions of agriculture [14], which are carried out with scarce resources, directly affecting the quality of life of farmers [15]. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and contributes to the food security and employment of rural households [16]; however, under the conditions of climate change and variability in the availability of water resources, adopting efficient irrigation systems, cultivating crops better suited to withstand drought conditions, implementing sustainable agriculture practices, adopting the strategy of climate-resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA), and reducing our reliance on rainfall will be necessary to address this challenge to ensure crop production and guarantee food security [1,17,18]. Also, sustainable agriculture provides a potential solution to enable agricultural systems to feed a growing population while successfully operating within the changing environmental conditions [19].…”

Automation, Climate Change, and the Future of Farm Work: Cross-Disciplinary Lessons for Studying Dynamic Changes in Agricultural Health and Safety

“…One core consideration of the literature regards how automation and climate-smart agriculture are adapting in response to climate change [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. From this literature, a portion focuses on the holistic wellbeing, with an emphasis on economic factors, of farm owner/operators [ 25 , 29 , 33 ].…”