Climate Variability and Inter-State Migration in India

Dallmann, Ingrid; Millock, Katrin

doi:10.1093/cesifo/ifx014

Cited by 97 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recent studies have nuanced this model to demonstrate that migration decisions are a complex interplay of household capabilities (i.e. composition, education levels, social networks), assets, personal aspirations, and external factors such as increased climate variability, livelihood opportunities, and access to towns and cities [22,26,72,85,94].…”

Section: Conceptual Links Between Climate Change Migration and Adaptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pervasive effects of climate change could lead to significant incremental or non-linear changes in migration outcomes depending on the context [60,61]. For example, direct impact brought about by rapid onset hazards such as cyclones and floods or indirect impacts associated with slow onset events including drought and changes in annual monsoon regime [26,102].…”

Section: Conceptual Links Between Climate Change Migration and Adaptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although population movement in South Asia has historically been strongly associated with labour mobility [30,80], recent studies suggest that growing levels of rural to urban migration in the region have been attributed to the impacts of droughts, floods and irregular precipitation on agricultural production and other ecosystem-based livelihoods [13,26,42,102]. Migration is often leveraged as a critical livelihood diversification strategy by households in areas facing severe climate change impacts [2,85].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration and Household Adaptation in Climate-Sensitive Hotspots in South Asia

Maharjan

Campos

Singh

et al. 2020

Curr Clim Change Rep

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Purpose of Review South Asia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, owing to the high dependency on climatesensitive livelihoods and recurrent extreme events. Consequently, an increasing number of households are adopting labour migration as a livelihood strategy to diversify incomes, spread risks, and meet aspirations. Under the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA) initiative, four research consortia have investigated migration patterns and their inherent linkages to adaptation to climate change in climate hotspots. This article synthesizes key findings in regional context of South Asia. Recent Findings The synthesis suggests that in climate-sensitive hotspots, migration is an important livelihood diversification strategy and a response to various risks, including climate change. Typically, one or more household members, often young men, migrated internally or internationally to work in predominantly informal sectors. Remittances helped spatially diversify household income, spread risks, and insure against external stressors. The outcomes of migration are often influenced by who moves, where to, and what capacities they possess. Summary Migration was found to help improve household adaptive capacity, albeit in a limited capacity. Migration was mainly used as a response to risk and uncertainty, but with potential to have positive adaptation co-benefits.

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Section: Conceptual Links Between Climate Change Migration and Adaptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Links Between Climate Change Migration and Adaptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration and Household Adaptation in Climate-Sensitive Hotspots in South Asia

Maharjan

Campos

Singh

et al. 2020

Curr Clim Change Rep

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“…A fourth concern relates to temperature-induced migration and unobserved farmer ability. Extensive literature has addressed how climate change and environmental stressors affect migration (Bohra-Mishra et al, 2014;Millock, 2015;Koubi et al, 2016;Dallmann and Millock, 2017). A relevant study is Bohra- Mishra et al (2014), which looks at temperature-induced migration and finds that temperatures over 25 C can lead to outmigration.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can farmers adapt to higher temperatures? Evidence from India

Taraz

2018

World Development

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Projections suggest that the damages from climate change will be substantial for developing countries. Understanding the ability of households in these countries to adapt to climate change is critical in order to determine the magnitude of the potential damages. In this paper, I investigate the ability of farmers in India to adapt to higher temperatures. I use a methodology that exploits short-term weather fluctuations as well as spatial variation in long-run climate. Specifically, I estimate how damaging high temperatures are for districts that experience high temperatures more or less frequently. I find that the losses from high temperatures are lower in heat-prone districts, a result that is consistent with adaptation. However, while adaptation appears to be modestly effective for moderate levels of heat, my results suggest that adaptation to extreme heat is much more difficult. Extremely high temperatures do grave damage to crops, even in places that experience these temperature extremes regularly. The persistence of negative impacts of high temperatures, even in areas that experience high temperatures frequently, underscores the need for development policies that emphasize risk mitigation and explicitly account for climate-change-related risks.JEL Classification: O1, O3, Q1, Q5

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“…In India, studies that have examined the impacts of environmental change on mobility have focused on permanent migration based on state-level migration data from the census data (Dallmann and Millock 2017;Viswanathan and Kumar 2015) or household data from smaller geographical areas within a state (Fishman et al 2015). Dallmann and Millock (2017) find that interstate migration rises marginally in response to an increase in drought frequency, and Viswanathan and Kumar (2015) find some evidence for interstate migration in response to weather changes via the channel of falling wheat and rice yields. In a recent study closest to ours, Fishman et al (2015) empirically study permanent male migration in response to groundwater depletion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of water access on short‐term migration in rural India

Zaveri

Wrenn

Fisher‐Vanden

2020

Aus J Agri & Res Econ

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Migration is an important risk‐reduction strategy for households in developing countries. In this paper, we examine the impact of rainfall variability and irrigation availability on short‐term migration decisions in India. Our results show that both rainfall shocks and the availability of irrigation impact the decisions of households to dispatch migrants. For irrigation, we find that migration responds to costs and that deep fossil‐water wells, which provide a constant source of water, eliminate any benefit of short‐term migration. This suggests that regions with access to more secure and stable sources of water are less likely to rely on migration as an income‐smoothing mechanism, at least in the short run. Whether this holds in the long run will depend on the continued stability and availability of irrigation water.

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Climate Variability and Inter-State Migration in India

Cited by 97 publications

References 39 publications

Migration and Household Adaptation in Climate-Sensitive Hotspots in South Asia

Migration and Household Adaptation in Climate-Sensitive Hotspots in South Asia

Can farmers adapt to higher temperatures? Evidence from India

The impact of water access on short‐term migration in rural India

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