Climate Vulnerability Assessment of the Espeletia Complex on Páramo Sky Islands in the Northern Andes

Valencia, Jhon B; Mesa, Jeison; León, Juan Diego; Madriñán, Santiago; Cortés, Andrés J.

doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.565708

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 200 publications

(246 reference statements)

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“…The Andes ecosystems diversity has been changed dramatically in the Pleistocene and Holocene. Several palynological studies in the Andes support and indicate the forward and backward dynamics of the Andean vegetation belts due to climatic instability during the Pleistocene and Holocene, complemented by the high average net diversification rates of Páramo plant lineages (Van Der Hammen, 1974;Weingarten et al, 1990;Schubert and Vivas, 1993;Graf, 1996;Mahaney et al, 1997;Lachniet and Vazquéz-Selem, 2005;Rull et al, 2005;Stansell et al, 2005Stansell et al, , 2007Ni et al, 2006;Madriñán et al, 2013;Valencia et al, 2020). Specifically, higher temperatures brought about the advance of the Andean forest line over the Páramo, and lower temperatures caused the passage of the Páramo to lower altitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Global Change on the Spatial Dynamics of Treeline in Venezuelan Andes

et al. 2021

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The treeline in the Andes is considered an essential ecotone between the Montane forest and Páramo. This treeline in the Venezuelan Andes corresponds with a transitional ecosystem defined as the Páramo forest. In this work, we identify and analyze the impact of climate warming and land transformation as agents altering the Páramo forest ecosystem’s spatial dynamics along the Venezuelan Andes’ altitudinal gradient. We carry out multitemporal studies of 57 years of the land transformation at different landscapes of the Cordillera de Mérida and made a detailed analysis to understand the replacement of the ecosystems potential distribution. We found that the main ecosystem transition is from Páramo to the Páramo forest and from Páramo to the Montane forest. Based on the difference between the current lower Páramo limit and the Forest upper limit for 1952, the treeline border’s displacement is 72.7 m in the 57 years of study, representing ∼12.8 m per decade. These changes are mainly driven by climate warming and are carried out through an ecological process of densification of the woody composition instead of the shrubland structure. We found that Páramo forest ecosystems practically have been replaced by the Pastures and fallow vegetation, and the Crops. We present a synthesis of the transition and displacement of the different ecosystems and vegetation types in the treeline zone. The impact of climate warming and deforestation on the Páramo forest as a representative ecosystem of the treeline shows us that this study is necessary for an integrated global change adaptation plan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Global Change on the Spatial Dynamics of Treeline in Venezuelan Andes

et al. 2021

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“…A so far unexplored yet promising alternative would be to calibrate Genomic Prediction ( Crossa et al, 2017 ; Grattapaglia et al, 2018 ) and Machine Learning ( Gianola et al, 2011 ; Libbrecht and Noble, 2015 ; Schrider and Kern, 2018 ) models using high-throughput genotyping ( Cortés et al, 2020b ) of phenotyped ungrafted avocado trees spanning all three races, to predict rootstocks’ own unobserved phenotypes. Interpolating these predictions and quantitative genetic parameters across the rich ecological continuum of the northern Andean mountains ( Madriñán et al, 2013 ; Valencia et al, 2020 ), within a multi-climate ( Costa-Neto et al, 2020 ) “enviromic prediction” paradigm ( Resende et al, 2020 ), will be key to target optimum genotype x environment arrangements for yield ( Galeano et al, 2012 ; Blair et al, 2013 ) and quality ( Wu et al, 2020 ) components, as well as in the face of abiotic ( Cortés et al, 2020a ) and biotic ( Naidoo et al, 2019 ) stresses imposed by climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

et al. 2020

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Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes to produce a unique tree phenotype. However, the interconnection of both genotypes obscures individual contributions to phenotypic variation (rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering tree breeding. Therefore, our goal was to quantify the inheritance of seedling rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as a model fruit tree. We characterized 240 diverse rootstocks from 8 avocado cv. Hass orchards with similar management in three regions of the province of Antioquia, northwest Andes of Colombia, using 13 microsatellite markers simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Parallel to this, we recorded 20 phenotypic traits (including morphological, biomass/reproductive, and fruit yield and quality traits) in the scions for 3 years (2015–2017). Relatedness among rootstocks was inferred through the genetic markers and inputted in a “genetic prediction” model to calculate narrow-sense heritabilities (h2) on scion traits. We used three different randomization tests to highlight traits with consistently significant heritability estimates. This strategy allowed us to capture five traits with significant heritability values that ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 and model fits (r) that oscillated between 0.58 and 0.73 across orchards. The results showed significance in the rootstock effects for four complex harvest and quality traits (i.e., total number of fruits, number of fruits with exportation quality, and number of fruits discarded because of low weight or thrips damage), whereas the only morphological trait that had a significant heritability value was overall trunk height (an emergent property of the rootstock–scion interaction). These findings suggest the inheritance of rootstock effects, beyond root phenotype, on a surprisingly wide spectrum of scion traits in “Hass” avocado. They also reinforce the utility of polymorphic SSRs for relatedness reconstruction and genetic prediction of complex traits. This research is, up to date, the most cohesive evidence of narrow-sense inheritance of rootstock effects in a tropical fruit tree crop. Ultimately, our work highlights the importance of considering the rootstock–scion interaction to broaden the genetic basis of fruit tree breeding programs while enhancing our understanding of the consequences of grafting.

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“…The utility of these approaches in tropical forests remains to be explored. Tropical trees are more at risk from warming because they are closer to upper thermal limits (Freeman et al, 2020;Sentinella et al, 2020), as in montane (Cortés and Wheeler, 2018;Feeley et al, 2020;Tito et al, 2020) and alpine (Wheeler et al, 2014(Wheeler et al, , 2016Valencia et al, 2020) habitats. Disclosing the genetic, pan-genomic (Bayer et al, 2020), and epigenetic (Brautigam et al, 2013;Sow et al, 2018;Barrera-Redondo et al, 2020) bases of traits underlying adaptive responses in tree species will assist AGF, industrial milestones, and conservation priorities (Isabel et al, 2020) across metapopulations (Gonzalez et al, 2020), and even micro-habitats (Cortés et al, 2014;Abdelaziz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Genomics Of Adaptation To Different Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate

2020

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Studying the genetics of adaptation to new environments in ecologically and industrially important tree species is currently a major research line in the fields of plant science and genetic improvement for tolerance to abiotic stress. Specifically, exploring the genomic basis of local adaptation is imperative for assessing the conditions under which trees will successfully adapt in situ to global climate change. However, this knowledge has scarcely been used in conservation and forest tree improvement because woody perennials face major research limitations such as their outcrossing reproductive systems, long juvenile phase, and huge genome sizes. Therefore, in this review we discuss predictive genomic approaches that promise increasing adaptive selection accuracy and shortening generation intervals. They may also assist the detection of novel allelic variants from tree germplasm, and disclose the genomic potential of adaptation to different environments. For instance, natural populations of tree species invite using tools from the population genomics field to study the signatures of local adaptation. Conventional genetic markers and whole genome sequencing both help identifying genes and markers that diverge between local populations more than expected under neutrality, and that exhibit unique signatures of diversity indicative of "selective sweeps." Ultimately, these efforts inform the conservation and breeding status capable of pivoting forest health, ecosystem services, and sustainable production. Key long-term perspectives include understanding how trees' phylogeographic history may affect the adaptive relevant genetic variation available for adaptation to environmental change. Encouraging "big data" approaches (machine learning-ML) capable of comprehensively merging heterogeneous genomic and ecological datasets is becoming imperative, too.

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Climate Vulnerability Assessment of the Espeletia Complex on Páramo Sky Islands in the Northern Andes

Cited by 39 publications

References 200 publications

Impacts of Global Change on the Spatial Dynamics of Treeline in Venezuelan Andes

Impacts of Global Change on the Spatial Dynamics of Treeline in Venezuelan Andes

Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate

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