Climates on incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in 72 countries

Chen, Yin-ling; Huang, Yunxin; Qiao, Yong-Chao; Wei, Ling; Pan, Yan-Hong; Geng, Lijun; Xiao, Jian-long; Zhang, Xiaoxi; Zhao, Hai-Lu

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12954-8

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Finns, similar Norwegians living in the far north, are unable to produce vitamin D 3 in their skin from sun exposure for more than half a year during the winter and early spring and late fall [ 13 , 92 , 93 ]. This is also supported by the previous report that type 1 diabetes is more common in countries with high latitude and short daytime period [ 94 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Immune-related Diseasessupporting

confidence: 90%

Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease

2020

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Vitamin D is responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also known as an immunomodulatory hormone. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D, exerts immunologic activities on multiple components of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as endothelial membrane stability. Association between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased risk of developing several immune-related diseases and disorders, including psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, sepsis, respiratory infection, and COVID-19, has been observed. Accordingly, a number of clinical trials aiming to determine the efficacy of administration of vitamin D and its metabolites for treatment of these diseases have been conducted with variable outcomes. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that some individuals might benefit from vitamin D more or less than others as high inter-individual difference in broad gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to vitamin D supplementation has been observed. Although it is still debatable what level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is optimal, it is advisable to increase vitamin D intake and have sensible sunlight exposure to maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L), and preferably at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to achieve the optimal overall health benefits of vitamin D.

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Section: Vitamin D and Immune-related Diseasessupporting

confidence: 90%

Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease

2020

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“…Type 1 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood. Its incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide [1][2][3][4][5]. Type 1 diabetes is caused by a progressive but heterogeneous autoimmune destruction of the beta cells resulting in lack of insulin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between family history, early growth and the risk of beta cell autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes

et al. 2020

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between family history of type 1 diabetes, birthweight, growth during the first 2 years and development of multiple beta cell autoantibodies in children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes and HLA-conferred disease susceptibility. Methods In a secondary analysis of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR), clinical characteristics and development of beta cell autoantibodies were compared in relation to family history of type 1 diabetes (mother vs father vs sibling) in 2074 children from families with a single affected family member. Results Multiple autoantibodies (≥2 of 5 measured) developed in 277 (13%) children: 107 (10%), 114 (16%) and 56 (18%) born with a mother, father or sibling with type 1 diabetes, respectively (p < 0.001). The HR for time to multiple autoimmunity was 0.54 (95% CI 0.39, 0.75) in offspring of affected mothers (n = 107/1046, p < 0.001) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.59, 1.11) (n = 114/722, p = 0.19) in offspring of affected fathers, compared with participants with a sibling with type 1 diabetes (comparator group n = 56/306). The time to the first autoantibody present (to insulin, GAD, tyrosine phosphatase-related insulinoma-associated 2 molecules, islet cell or zinc transporter 8) was similar in the three groups. Height velocity (z score/year) in the first 24 months was independently associated with developing multiple antibodies in the total cohort (HR 1.31 [95% CI 1.01, 1.70], p = 0.04). A higher birthweight in children born to an affected mother vs affected father or an affected sibling was not related to the risk of multiple autoimmunity. Conclusions/interpretation The risk of developing multiple autoantibodies was lower in children with maternal type 1 diabetes. For the whole group, this risk of developing multiple autoantibodies was independent of birthweight but was greater in those with increased height velocity during the first 2 years of life. However, the risk associated with paternal type 1 diabetes was not linked to differences in birthweight or early growth. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00179777 Graphical abstract

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“…Over the last years, vitamin D deficiency has been increasingly suggested as a risk factor for several autoimmune diseases [74,[107][108][109][110][111], including T1D [112][113][114][115]. Several studies showed that incidence of T1D is directly correlated with latitude and inversely correlated with ultraviolet radiation [116][117][118][119][120]. A number of observational studies showed that subjects with new-onset and established T1D exhibited significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D compared to healthy controls [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130].…”

Section: Role Of Vitamin D In Autoimmune Diabetes: T1d and Ladamentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes

Pinheiro

Diniz

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) represent the most common types of autoimmune diabetes and are characterized by different age of onset, degrees of immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells and rates of disease progression towards insulin dependence. Several immunotherapies aimed to counteract autoimmune responses against beta cells and preserve beta-cell function are currently being investigated, particularly in T1D. Preliminary findings suggest a potential role of combination therapy with vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) in preserving beta-cell function in autoimmune diabetes. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as the rationale for investigation of their combined use as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes.

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Climates on incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in 72 countries

Cited by 22 publications

References 113 publications

Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease

Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease

Association between family history, early growth and the risk of beta cell autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes

Combination of vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes

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