Climatic Change and Metabolome Fluxes

Phytotoxic Metabolites Produced by Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

“…Authors Metabolomics is the latest of the ‘omics sciences,’ and its relevance in plant science has increased in the last decades [ 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ]. This ‘omics science’ has been applied to gain biological information on the host-pathogen interaction, on the process of abiotic stress, or it has been applied to identify potential biomarkers for a specific stress condition [ 134 , 135 ]. Few metabolomics studies have been carried out on GTDs, with most studies focused on the plant defense response to the colonization of the host by the pathogen rather than the phytotoxic metabolites produced by the fungi during infection [ 136 , 137 , 138 ].…”

“…For instance, genomics could be used for the identification of genes markers and/or genes involved in PMs biosynthesis, dual transcriptomics for studying virulence factors and host-pathogen interactions [ 150 ], proteomics to investigate the regulation of signal transduction pathways, and, lastly, metabolomics to research the temporal regulation and to characterize potential effector compounds [ 151 ]. Metabolomics and dual transcriptomics could be useful tools to study, at the same time, the grapevine response and the fungal colonization process under different abiotic stress conditions that are more aligned with field growing conditions [ 134 , 135 ]. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that protocol standardizations and subsequent multivariate analysis, reliability, and reproducibility of extractions and other pre- and post-analytical steps, are still a bottleneck for OMICS techniques [ 141 , 152 ].…”