Climatic Changes and the Evolution of Landforms in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Chapman, Randolph W.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2713:ccateo]2.0.co;2

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, it is suggested that the studied brackish groundwater was formed during several post-pluvial ages (more than 14,000 years B.P.). Chapman (1971) proposed a cool moist pluvial period between 11,000 years and 60,000 years B.P. in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Radioactive Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Processes and Environmental Isotopic Study of Groundwater in Kuwait

Al-Ruwaih

Shehata

2004

Water International

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The present paper studies the hydrochemical processes and the isotopic characteristics of the main aquifers, the Kuwait Group and Dammam aquifers in the State of Kuwait. The water chemical types are dominantly NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 in the Kuwait Group aquifer and Na 2 SO 4 , CaSO 4 , and NaCl in the Dammam Limestone aquifer. The groundwater of the Kuwait Group aquifer is supersaturated with respect to quartz and calcite, and near saturation with respect to aragonite, but under-saturated with respect to anhydrite, dolomite, gypsum, and halite. While the groundwater of the Dammam aquifer is strongly under-saturated with respect to anhydrite, halite, and gypsum and is supersaturated with respect to quartz, dolomite, aragonite, and calcite. The saturation indices of the calcite and dolomite are increased in the direction of flow from southwest toward north-northeast. Al-Rawdhatain and Umm Al-Aish groundwater samples lie near the meteoric water line. They represent the effect of recharge by rainfall during pluvial period. The brackish palaeo-groundwater of the Dammam aquifer has low values of δ 18 O (-4.5 per mil) and δD (-35 per mil), which reveal that these waters are related to the palaeo-water from the cool wet period in the eastern Arabia 11,000 to 60,000 years B.P. The investigated brackish groundwater samples showed that the deuterium excess values are much lower than that of the Mediterranean areas. This may suggest that the evaporation was a prevailing process before the infiltration to the aquifers.

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Section: Radioactive Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Processes and Environmental Isotopic Study of Groundwater in Kuwait

Al-Ruwaih

Shehata

2004

Water International

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“…It is well established that continental and pluvial conditions prevailed in the eastern Arabian Peninsula and Gulfduring the last glacial maximum, estimated at between 70,000 yr BP and 17,000 yr BP (Chapman 1971). Also, several arid phases are known to have occurred in the region during the Quaternary era (Anton 1983).…”

Section: Mixing Zone Origin Of the Dolomitementioning

confidence: 99%

The nature and possible origin of dolomite in Ar Rub’ Al Khali, the UAE

El-Sayed

2001

Carbonates Evaporites

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Surface and near-surface sediments in southeasternpart ofthe United Arab Emirates show extensive development ofdolomite that ischaracterizedby whitish, dense rocks,partially dissected by veinletsof gypsum and well-developedcoarse calcite crystals. The dolomite reveals rather monotonous aphanocrystalline to very finely crystalline crystals (2-20 urn) composed of idiotopic or planar dolomite fabric. Denselypacked dolomite aggregates of clotted texture are observed. Moreover, several horizons of peloidal textures are recognized. The fossil content includes freshwater molluscs, foraminifera and gastropods embedded in very fine dolomite crystals, whereas dolomite forming the skeletal grains IS considerably coarser (about 40 um), The most common carbonate porosity type is fossil moldic followed by vug and channel porosity. Interparticle and intraparticle porosity, that may suggest possible dissolution by later diagenetic fluids, are only locally significant. Vari-sized blocky sparry calcite crystals are frequently observed as pore-filling cement.Authigenic palygorskite oflong and short-fiber variety is commonly associated with the dolomite. The fibers generally occur as compacted and densebundles that show some orientation in the form ofthick continuousmats composed of approximatelyparallel strips. The palygorskite does not show petrographic evidence of precursor carbonate or of any replacement feature.Chemical analyses of dolomite show that the iron content (between 0.22 to 3.99%) is generally too high to have formed under oxygenated conditions, but are compatible with mixing-zone fluids. Nap values are relatively low (0.13-0.88%), and Sr generally between 135 to 484 ppm. The Na and Sr values are similar to examples interpreted as non-evaporitic or mixing-zone in origin.The dolomite described here clearly formed in a near-surface setting and due to the lack of evidence of replacement of precursor grains or minerals, it appears that the dolomite precipitated directly. Occurrence ofvery finely crystalline dolomite originated by concentration of'Mgenrichedbrines throughevaporation results from slow crystallizationfrom highly dilute solutions. Presence of coarse sparry calcite fillingpores in dolomite indicates predominance of freshwater conditions after precipitation of dolomite. Alternation between freshwater and hypersaline conditions may occur frequently.

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“…Province has changed over time with cyclic periods of changing temperature and moisture regimes (Chapman, 1971). It is currently in an arid phase where temperatures range from highs of 47°C in summer to lows of 3°C in winter with restrictive rainfall of less than 100 mm per annum.…”

Section: Surface Geomorphology Of the Eastern Province Of Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind patterns play a major role in the natural surface landscape development. Holm (1960), Chapman (1971) and Barth (1999 and2001) all refer to the importance of the wind regime in the movement of sand across the region. The dominant winds come from high energy north-west direction sourced from the Mediterranean and occur from November to February with equally high energy summer Shamals from June to August and are primarily responsible for the inland movement of sand across the Province.…”

Section: Surface Geomorphology Of the Eastern Province Of Saudi Arabiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Induced Geomorphological Change Along the Western Arabian Gulf Coast

Loughland¹,

Al-Abdulkader²,

Wyllie³

et al. 2012

Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology

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Climatic Changes and the Evolution of Landforms in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrochemical Processes and Environmental Isotopic Study of Groundwater in Kuwait

Hydrochemical Processes and Environmental Isotopic Study of Groundwater in Kuwait

The nature and possible origin of dolomite in Ar Rub’ Al Khali, the UAE

Anthropogenic Induced Geomorphological Change Along the Western Arabian Gulf Coast

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