Climatic control of bud burst in young seedlings of nine provenances of Norway spruce

Søgaard, Gunnhild; Johnsen, Øystein; Nilsen, Jarle; Junttila, Olavi

doi:10.1093/treephys/28.2.311

Cited by 101 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Provenances did not group phylogeographically along the east-western major axis of the species range, but ecologically along a latitudinal/altitudinal gradient, similar to findings in P. canariensis (López et al, 2007) or P. contorta (Chuine et al, 2006). There is also a certain parallelism to the effects of epigenetic memory of cold and warm embryo formation described in other conifers, which are interpreted as a mechanism of adaptative phenotypic plasticity that improves the fitness of the same genotype in different environments (Besnard et al, 2008;Kvaalen and Johnsen, 2008;Søgaard et al, 2008). Against this background one might wonder whether, and to what degree, those moderate differences found between the studied stone pine provenances, distinguishable only after major spatial adjustments (that reflect a common, very stable microsite response of each and every genotype), might also be due to an epigenetic acclimatisation (Vendramin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Phenotypic plasticity is stronger than adaptative differentiation among Mediterranean stone pine provenances

Mutke

Gordo²,

Chambel³

et al. 2010

For. syst.

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The Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea L., seems to be well adapted to the different climate zones of its distribution range that spans four thousand kilometres along the Northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. But recent molecular studies revealed it to be extremely genetically depauperate for a widespread tree. In this context, a provenances trial should elucidate whether any differentiation in adaptative traits can be identified between 34 accessions covering its natural range. The presence of strong spatial autocorrelations throughout four test sites required iterative nearest-neighbours adjustments in their statistical analysis. No significant differences in survival or ontogeny were found between accessions, while height growth was slightly though significantly more vigorous in northern or inland provenances. But these differences were masked by a common, stable reaction norm in dependence on site and microsite. On the other hand, its strong developmental plasticity allows the stone pine to delay the heteroblastic phase change in order to survive in unfavourable conditions, a clear advantage in the limiting and unpredictable environments of Mediterranean ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Phenotypic plasticity is stronger than adaptative differentiation among Mediterranean stone pine provenances

Mutke

Gordo²,

Chambel³

et al. 2010

For. syst.

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“…In Norway, Finland and Sweden, provenance trials found the interior provenances to be superior to the coastal (Kurkela 1981;Magnesen 1987;Martinsson and Kollenmark 2001). Since spring frost hardiness and bud burst occurrence are highly correlated (Howe et al 2003;Søgaard et al 2008), the time of bud burst is a useful indicator of a species suitability for a particular location (Hannerz 1999;Howe et al 2003;Anekonda et al 2004;Gould et al 2011). Christophe and Birot (1979) and Edman (1997) were unable to show a correlation between bud burst occurrence and latitude or elevation of Douglas fir provenances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Malmqvist

Wallin

Lindström

et al. 2017

Trees

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Key message The Douglas fir provenance Three Valley was found most suitable for planting in mid-Sweden. Greenhouse tests can most likely predict how different Douglas fir provenances will perform in the field. Abstract The need for species that will grow well through ongoing climate change has increased the interest in Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in Sweden. One of the most common problems seen in plantations of Douglas fir seedlings is damage caused by late spring frost, known to be highly correlated with the timing of bud burst. The objective of this study was to investigate spring-related bud development under Nordic conditions of seven Douglas fir provenances and to compare data with a local provenance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Results from a field trial and a greenhouse-based study were compared. The interior Douglas fir provenances exhibited an earlier bud burst than coastal provenances, both in the greenhouse and in the field trial. When comparing differences within the groups of interior and coastal Douglas fir provenances, no differences could be found. The local Norway spruce, only grown in the greenhouse, showed an intermediate bud development profile similar to the interior Douglas fir provenance Three Valley. We therefore suggest that Three Valley could be planted at the same locations as the investigated local provenance of Norway spruce in mid-Sweden. To avoid spring frost damage the Douglas fir seedlings need to be frozen stored and planted late in spring. Planting under shelterwood can also help protect the seedlings from spring frost damages. As similar results for bud development patterns of Douglas fir and Norway spruce provenances were obtained from the greenhouse and field trials, greenhouse tests could facilitate selection of provenances.

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“…The structure of bud scale complex might be considered as a "memory" effect. This could explain, at least on part, why the bud burst is delayed in the following spring in cases, where the SD seedlings were exposed also to higher temperature during bud formation (Dormling et al 1968;Heide 1974b;Søgaard et al 2008;Olsen et al 2014;Wallin et al 2017). SD induced changes in the activity of dormancy-related genes has also been reported to determine the timing of dormancy induction, dormancy release and forthcoming bud burst in Norway spruce seedlings (Wallin et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced height of short day induced bud scale complex may partly explain early bud burst in Norway spruce seedlings

Luoranen¹,

Sutinen²

2017

Silva Fenn.

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Reduced height of short day induced bud scale complex may partly explain early bud burst in Norway spruce seedlings Luoranen J., Sutinen S. (2017). Reduced height of short day induced bud scale complex may partly explain early bud burst in Norway spruce seedlings. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 5 article id 7759. 16 p. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.7759 Highlights• Short day treatment used in tree seedling nurseries affects the structure of apical buds.• Changes in bud structure may partly explain early bud burst and may be a reason for unburst buds of short day treated seedlings. AbstractShort day (SD) treatment is used as a dormancy induction in forest tree seedling nurseries in the boreal forest zone. However, SD treatment has caused early bud burst in the following spring, which may expose the seedlings to spring frosts. Because the mechanisms affecting earlier bud burst in SD treated seedlings are not fully understood yet, here we have studied the effect of SD treatment on the structure of buds in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings. Seedlings were exposed to SD treatments or natural (CTRL) light and photoperiod in July in a nursery in Central Finland. The experiments included two lots of seedlings over two summers and the analyses were done under a stereo microscope. SD treatment advanced initiation of bud scales and formation of needle primordia, and thus the formation period was shorter in CTRL seedlings. In mature buds, no differences in primordial shoots were found between the treatments, whereas notable differences were found in bud scales. The SD buds had fewer and shorter bud scales than the CTRL buds. This led to significantly shorter bud scale complex and, consequently, to shorter buds in SD than in CTRL seedlings. Buds and needles matured earlier in SD treated seedlings. In the following spring, the primordial shoots started to elongate in both treatments around mid-May, when the SD buds started to break down, whereas CTRL buds started to break down in late May. The fewer number and shorter height of protective bud scales may expose buds to harsh winter temperatures and early loss of scales may predispose the SD buds to spring frosts.

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Climatic control of bud burst in young seedlings of nine provenances of Norway spruce

Cited by 101 publications

References 40 publications

Phenotypic plasticity is stronger than adaptative differentiation among Mediterranean stone pine provenances

Phenotypic plasticity is stronger than adaptative differentiation among Mediterranean stone pine provenances

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Reduced height of short day induced bud scale complex may partly explain early bud burst in Norway spruce seedlings

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