Climatic Control of Urban Spaces Using Natural Cooling Techniques to Achieve Outdoor Thermal Comfort

Abstract

The open spaces of cities have become hostile to citizens due to the high temperatures. Lack of thermal comfort hampers outdoor activities. It is imperative to combat these phenomena to bring life back to the streets and make spaces frequently used in the past more appealing to local citizens. The aim is to mitigate the severity of the outdoor climate to reach comfortable conditions in open spaces. For that, microclimate control based on natural cooling techniques is proposed to recover the habitability of these spaces of the cities. These techniques are characterised via experiments. Demostrando como es posible conseguir and integrated using simulation tools. Following this methodology, it is possible to design, size and define operation strategies for the ideal climate control system according to the type of need. This paper addresses a degraded and unused real space as a case study to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology used. A system has been designed that stores water cooled at night by using the sky and night air and uses it during the day to produce cold air and cool cover. The experimental results test the efficiency of each solution that has been integrated into the complete system. The system operates every technology to keep the temperature radiant and the air of the occupants cool. For it, falling-film technology cools every night a volume of water below 18 °C and dissipation in a water pond by water sprinkler maintains a pond 10–15 °C below the outside air temperature. Also, results test how it is possible to guarantee thermal comfort conditions (operative temperature below of 28 °C) even when the environment surrounding the conditioned volume is at temperatures above 40 °C, and how the seismic allows maintaining these conditions during the worst summer hours. In conclusion, microclimate control allows for mitigating the severity of the outdoor climate to reach a degree of thermal comfort equivalent to that in enclosed venues.

Sun-Shading Sails in Courtyards: An Italian Case Study with RayMan

“…The same has been observed by Cantini et al, who compared the shading of open spaces provided by different lightweight structures through on-site measurements using sensors, the solar absorption coefficient of the material, the solar transmissivity coefficient, and the reflection of solar radiation [38]. Similarly, Medina et al tried to analytically evaluate the effect of textile cover of the Expo amphitheater of Seville, still based on input derived from on-site sensors [40]. Meanwhile, Lee et al have measured the effect on the OTC of transparent ETFE cushions screening a courtyard in Central Europe [41].…”

Thermal–Acoustic Interaction Impacts on Crowd Behaviors in an Urban Park

“…For example, to enhance the microclimate of the park, increasing tree shade coverage or providing sunshades can help to alleviate the issue of reduced visiting times for tourists at high temperatures. Past research shows the people favor comfortable thermal settings [52], additionally elucidating the universal appeal of pleasant thermal conditions regardless of single or multi-sensory stimuli [53].…”