Climatic Environment and Energy Metabolism in Broilers

Scheele, C.W.; Hel, W. van der; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Henken, A.M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3363-7_14

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In the tropics, the thermoneutral zone for broilers that are 5‐week old is 18–24°C; whereas for broilers that are 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐week old, the thermoneutral zones are 29–33°C, 30–29.5°C, 26–28.5°C, and 23–27°C, respectively (Meltzer ; Scheele et al. ). High air dry‐bulb temperature ( t db ) and high relative humidity (RH), characteristic of the hot‐humid season result in heat stress (Dei and Bumbie ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily rhythms of cloacal temperature in broiler chickens of different age groups administered with zinc gluconate and probiotic during the hot-dry season

et al. 2017

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The aim of the experiment was to evaluate effects of zinc gluconate (ZnGlu) and probiotic administration on the daily rhythm of cloacal temperature (t cloacal) in broiler chickens of different age groups during the hot‐dry season. One‐day‐old broiler chicks (n = 60) were divided into groups I–IV of 15 chicks per group, and treated for 35 days: Group I (control) was given deionized water; Group II, ZnGlu (50 mg/kg); Group III, probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 mL), and Group IV, ZnGlu (50 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 mL). Air dry‐bulb temperature (t db), relative humidity (RH), and temperature‐humidity index (THI) inside the pen, and t cloacal of each broiler chick were obtained bihourly over a 24‐h period; on days 21, 28, and 35 of the study. Values of tdb (32.10 ± 0.49°C), RH (49.94 ± 1.91%), and THI (38.85 ± 0.42) obtained were outside the thermoneutral zone for broiler chickens, and suggested that the birds were subjected to heat stress. Application of the periodic model showed disruption of daily rhythm of t cloacal in broilers on day 21, which was synchronized by probiotic administration. The administration of probiotics or ZnGlu + probiotics to a greater extent decreased the mesor and amplitude, delayed the acrophases of t cloacal in broilers, especially at day 35, as compared to the controls. Overall, the t cloacal values in broiler chickens administered with probiotic alone (41.25 ± 0.05°C) and ZnGlu + probiotic (41.52 ± 0.05°C) were lower (P < 0.001) than that of the controls (41.94 ± 0.06°C). In conclusion, probiotic alone synchronized t cloacal of the birds at day 21, and, in addition, decreased t cloacal response most, followed by its coadministration with ZnGlu, the antioxidants may be beneficial in modulating daily rhythmicity of tcloacal and alleviating adverse effects of heat stress on broiler chickens during the hot‐dry season.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily rhythms of cloacal temperature in broiler chickens of different age groups administered with zinc gluconate and probiotic during the hot-dry season

et al. 2017

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“…At increasing temperatures fat and energy deposition in the carcass increase (Thorbek and Jensen, 1985;Howlider and Rose, 1989;Chwalibog and Eggun, 1989). Temperatures below the lower critical temperature stimulate feed intake and weight gain, especially witih high-energy diets (Scheele et al, 1987). Scheele et al (1987) reported that a significant higher fraction of the energy was retained as protein at lower temperatures than at moderate temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperatures below the lower critical temperature stimulate feed intake and weight gain, especially witih high-energy diets (Scheele et al, 1987). Scheele et al (1987) reported that a significant higher fraction of the energy was retained as protein at lower temperatures than at moderate temperatures. Low temperatures act as stimulators in protein accretion, however, at high energy costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype by Environment Interactions Using Fast-Growing, Lean or Fat Broiler Chickens, Originating from The Netherlands and Israel, Raised at Normal or Low Temperature

Leenstra¹,

Cahaner

1991

Poultry Science

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Male and female broiler chicks from five different broiler crosses (WI = Israeli chicks selected for body weight; LF and HF = Israeli chicks selected for low and high abdominal fat, respectively; FC = Dutch chicks selected for feed conversion; and WN = Dutch chicks selected for body weight) were raised under normal and subnormal temperatures. Weight gain, protein and fat content in the carcass, and feed and protein efficiency were determined at 4 and 6 wk of age, and at equal body weight. In addition to an overall effect of genotype, contrasts between Dutch (WN and FC) and Israeli (WI and LF) chicks and between chicks selected for body weight (WN and WI) or leanness (LF and FC) were examined. Temperature, genetic background, sex, and age affected all traits examined. Significant interactions were observed for weight gain, protein deposition, and feed and protein efficiency but were less evident for fat deposition. At low temperature, the broilers derived from Dutch strains had higher weight gain and protein deposition than those derived from Israeli strains; at the normal temperature the Israeli chicks performed better. The relations between body composition, weight gain, and efficiency are discussed to explain the interactions found.

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Ambient temperature: a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens

1989

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An experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of four constant ambient temperatures (20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees and 35 degrees C) on the performance and physiological reactions of male commercial broiler chicks from 3 to 7 weeks of age. A 12 h light-dark cycle was operated, while relative humidity and air circulation were not controlled. Exposure of broiler chickens to the 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees and 35 degrees C treatments showed highly significant (P less than 0.0001) depression in growth rate, food intake and efficiency of food utilization, and a significant increase in water consumption for the 30 degrees and 35 degrees C groups. Mortality was, however, not affected by the temperature treatments. Changes in physiological status, such as increased rectal temperatures, decreased concentration of red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total plasma protein were observed in birds housed in the higher temperature (30 degrees and 35 degrees C) environments. Moreover, in these broiler chickens, there was an increased blood glucose concentration and a decreased thyroid gland weight. These results indicate that continuous exposure of broiler chickens to high ambient temperatures markedly affects their performance and physiological response.

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Climatic Environment and Energy Metabolism in Broilers

Cited by 5 publications

References 82 publications

Daily rhythms of cloacal temperature in broiler chickens of different age groups administered with zinc gluconate and probiotic during the hot-dry season

Daily rhythms of cloacal temperature in broiler chickens of different age groups administered with zinc gluconate and probiotic during the hot-dry season

Genotype by Environment Interactions Using Fast-Growing, Lean or Fat Broiler Chickens, Originating from The Netherlands and Israel, Raised at Normal or Low Temperature

Ambient temperature: a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens

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