Climatic Study of the Marine Surface Wind Field over the Greek Seas with the Use of a High Resolution RCM Focusing on Extreme Winds

Vagenas, Christos; Αnagnostopoulou, Christina; Τολίκα, Κωνσταντία

doi:10.3390/cli5020029

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The storm surge and wave models [15,26,58,59,61] were forced with wind and atmospheric pressure fields that are derived from dynamically downscaled implementations with a 10-Km resolution RCM (i.e., RegCM3) [62,63]. Climate simulations of historical periods were based on general circulation model (GCM) input under the 20C3M scenario and future climate projections were fed by GCM input based on IPCC-A1B emissions scenario [1,2].…”

Section: Climate Change Atmospheric and Oceanographic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate simulations of historical periods were based on general circulation model (GCM) input under the 20C3M scenario and future climate projections were fed by GCM input based on IPCC-A1B emissions scenario [1,2]. Extended validation of the RegCM3 simulations against field observations and ERA-Interim atmospheric re-analysis data [64] have been recently provided by [15,62,63]. In the latter, all the specifics of model setups and the parameterizations of regional-scale future climatic projections were also presented.…”

Section: Climate Change Atmospheric and Oceanographic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis of Nearshore Sea-State Parameters under the Effects of Climate Change: Application to the Greek Coastal Zone and Port Structures

Γαλιατσάτου

Makris²,

Krestenitis³

et al. 2021

JMSE

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In the present work, a methodological framework, based on nonstationary extreme value analysis of nearshore sea-state parameters, is proposed for the identification of climate change impacts on coastal zone and port defense structures. The applications refer to the estimation of coastal hazards on characteristic Mediterranean microtidal littoral zones and the calculation of failure probabilities of typical rubble mound breakwaters in Greek ports. The proposed methodology hinges on the extraction of extreme wave characteristics and sea levels due to storm events affecting the coast, a nonstationary extreme value analysis of sea-state parameters and coastal responses using moving time windows, a fitting of parametric trends to nonstationary parameter estimates of the extreme value models, and an assessment of nonstationary failure probabilities on engineered port protection. The analysis includes estimation of extreme total water level (TWL) on several Greek coasts to approximate the projected coastal flooding hazard under climate change conditions in the 21st century. The TWL calculation considers the wave characteristics, sea level height due to storm surges, mean sea level (MSL) rise, and astronomical tidal ranges of the study areas. Moreover, the failure probabilities of a typical coastal defense structure are assessed for several failure mechanisms, considering variations in MSL, extreme wave climates, and storm surges in the vicinity of ports, within the framework of reliability analysis based on the nonstationary generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The methodology supports the investigation of future safety levels and possible periods of increased vulnerability of the studied structure to different ultimate limit states under extreme marine weather conditions associated with climate change, aiming at the development of appropriate upgrading solutions. The analysis suggests that the assumption of stationarity might underestimate the total failure probability of coastal structures under future extreme marine conditions.

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Section: Climate Change Atmospheric and Oceanographic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate Change Atmospheric and Oceanographic Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis of Nearshore Sea-State Parameters under the Effects of Climate Change: Application to the Greek Coastal Zone and Port Structures

Γαλιατσάτου

Makris²,

Krestenitis³

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…From Spring to Fall, the Northern Aegean is often crossed by north-easterly winds, called Etesians (Kotroni et al, 2001;Miglietta et al, 2017), that change direction (becoming north-westerly or westerly) and intensify over the Southern Aegean, approaching JJA monthly averages of about 10 8-10 m s −1 in part of the Cyclades, of the Dodecanese Islands and East of Crete (e.g. Vagenas et al, 2017). Often, anticyclonic circulations, typical of summertime in the region, determine clear sky conditions.…”

Section: Lee Waves Detection Using the Airwave Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, anticyclonic circulations, typical of summertime in the region, determine clear sky conditions. The complexity of the coastal orography and the presence of mountainous islands deeply influence the local-scale atmospheric circulation in the Ekman layer, producing local effects at spatial scales down to a few kilometres (Vagenas et al, 2017).…”

Section: Lee Waves Detection Using the Airwave Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lee waves detection over the Mediterranean Sea using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) dataset

Papandrea¹,

Casadio²,

Castelli³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Atmospheric gravity waves generated downstream by the orography in a stratified airflow are known as lee waves.In the present study, such mesoscale patterns have been detected, over water and in clear sky conditions, using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapour (TCWV) dataset, which contains about 20-year day-night products, obtained from the thermal infra-red measurements of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) instrument series. The good accuracy of such data, along with the native 1×1 km 2 spatial resolution, allows the investigation 5 of small scale features as the lee waves. In this work, we focused on the Mediterranean region, the largest semi-enclosed basin on the Earth. The peculiarities of this area, which is characterized by complex orography and rough coastlines, lead indeed to a possible development of these structures both over land and over sea. We developed an automatic tool for the rapid detection of areas with high probability of lee waves occurrence, exploiting the TCWV variability in spatial regions 0.15 • ×0.15 • wide.Through this analysis, several occurrences of structures connected with lee waves have been observed. The waves are detected 10 in spring, fall and summer seasons, with TCWV values usually falling in the range from 15 to 35 kg m −2 . In this article we describe some cases over the Central (Italy) and the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Greece, Turkey, Cyprus). We compared a case of perturbed AIRWAVE TCWV fields due to lee waves occurred over the Tyrrhenian Sea on 18 July 1997 with the sea surface winds from the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which sounded the same geographical area, finding a good agreement.Another case has been investigated in detail: on 2 August 2002 the Aegean sea region was almost simultaneously sounded by 15 both ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The AIRWAVE TCWV fields derived from the two sensors were successfully compared with the vertically integrated water vapour content simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model for the same time period, confirming our findings. Wave parameters such as amplitude, wavelength and phase, are described through the use of the "Morlet" Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT). The performed analysis derived typical wavelengths from 6 to 8 km and amplitude that may extend up to 20 kg m −2 .

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“…AGWs may develop in both upstream and downstream directions. However, in situations where the wave energy is ducted close to the surface, the motion is confined downstream in the lower atmosphere, and the waves are located within a wedge-shaped wake behind the obstacle (Vosper et al, 2006). Most of the observed AGWs fall in the latter group, and they are referred to as trapped lee waves (Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lee wave detection over the Mediterranean Sea using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) total column water vapour (TCWV) dataset

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves generated downstream by orography in a stratified airflow are known as lee waves. In the present study, such mesoscale patterns have been detected, over water and in clear-sky conditions, using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) total column water vapour (TCWV) dataset, which contains about 20 years of day and night products, obtained from the thermal infrared measurements of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) instrument series. The high accuracy of such data, along with the native 1 km×1 km spatial resolution, allows the investigation of small-scale features such as lee waves. In this work, we focused on the Mediterranean Sea, the largest semi-enclosed basin on the Earth. The peculiarities of this area, which is characterised by complex orography and rough coastlines, lead to the development of these structures over both land and sea. We developed an automatic tool for the rapid detection of areas with high probability of lee wave occurrence, exploiting the TCWV variability in spatial regions with a 0.15∘×0.15∘ area. Through this analysis, several occurrences of structures connected with lee waves have been observed. The waves are detected in spring, autumn and summer seasons, with TCWV values usually falling in the range of 15 to 35 kg m−2. In this article, we describe some cases over the central (Italy) and the Eastern Mediterranean Basin (Greece, Turkey and Cyprus). We compared a case of perturbed AIRWAVE TCWV fields due to lee waves occurring over the Tyrrhenian Sea on 18 July 1997 with the sea surface winds from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which sounded the same geographical area, finding a good agreement. Another case has been investigated in detail: on 2 August 2002 the Aegean Sea region was almost simultaneously sounded by both the second sensor of the ATSR series (ATSR-2) and the Advanced ATSR (AATSR) instruments. The AIRWAVE TCWV fields derived from the two sensors were successfully compared with the vertically integrated water vapour content simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model for the same time period, confirming our findings. Wave parameters such as amplitude, wavelength and phase are described through the use of the Morlet continuous wavelet transformation (CWT). The performed analysis derived typical wavelengths from 6 to 8 km and amplitudes of up to 20 kg m−2.

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Climatic Study of the Marine Surface Wind Field over the Greek Seas with the Use of a High Resolution RCM Focusing on Extreme Winds

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis of Nearshore Sea-State Parameters under the Effects of Climate Change: Application to the Greek Coastal Zone and Port Structures

Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis of Nearshore Sea-State Parameters under the Effects of Climate Change: Application to the Greek Coastal Zone and Port Structures

Lee waves detection over the Mediterranean Sea using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) dataset

Lee wave detection over the Mediterranean Sea using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) total column water vapour (TCWV) dataset

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