Climatological Hydric Balance and the Trends Analysis Climatic in the Region of Machado in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract

Lately the planet's climate has been constantly changing, caused mainly by global warming which has exposed a great deal of concern to the population over the years. In order to understand the possible impacts that such changes may have on the environment and society in general, the importance of the analysis of climate and hydrological events trends and their performance in a region is justified. The objective of the present work was to perform the climatic classification and to evaluate the behavior of the Climatological Hydric Balance-CHB, from the region of Machado state of Minas Gerais-MG, taking into account a historical series of 55 years of climatic season data of the National Institute of Meteorology-INMET; to verify the occurrence of climatic changes by the temporal trends of precipitation and the average temperature, using the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt method; and the influence of these possible climate changes on CHB behavior and on the region's climate classification. Based on the results found it verified the increase in the water deficit between the months of June to September and a reduction in the water surplus from November to February. By means of the trend analysis, there was a positive trend of increase in the average temperature of 1.6˚C until the year 2100. The continuity and occurrence of these trends may have impacts on the economy, agriculture, the hydrological cycle, and consequently on the fauna, the flora and the population.

Climate Change Assessment in Brazil: Utilizing the Köppen-Geiger (1936) Climate Classification

“…2). A soil available water capacity of 100 mm was utilized, as it was found to be more suitable for regional climate characterization (De carvalho et al, 2010;Rodrigues et al, 2018).…”

“…In summary, climate consists of climate elements observed in a given location (Rolim and Aparecido, 2016;Rigal et al, 2019). The mean pattern of the atmosphere requires an analysis of time series with at least 30 years (WMO, 2017;Arguez et al, 2012), achieving higher accuracy in the seasonal variation of climate elements (Teegavarapu et al, 2012).…”

Climate change in Brazil: future scenarios classified by Thornthwaite (1948)

“…3). The water balance is an essential hydrological characterization tool (Al-Sudani 2018; Rodrigues et al 2018aRodrigues et al , 2018bLias and Laban 2020).…”

“…In scenarios of increase in average temperature, the impact on plant metabolism can be observed more clearly. Under these conditions, high temperatures can affect the carbon assimilation pathway, mainly inducing stomatal closure and photochemical and biochemical limitations in plants (Rodrigues et al 2018a(Rodrigues et al , 2018b.…”

Can nonlinear agrometeorological models estimate coffee foliation?

“…This shows that the coffee plant is negatively impacted when subjected to thermal or water stress, with a reduction in its vegetative development, in addition to leaf fall, pollination failures and fruit malformation. 64,65 Soil water storage showed a high positive correlation (0.60) with coffee foliation, proving the importance of water supply for the crop, 66 which can often be accomplished through complementary irrigation in some regions. 67…”