Clinafloxacin for Treatment of Burkholderia cenocepacia Infection in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient

Balwan, Akshu; Nicolau, David P.; Wungwattana, Minkey; Zuckerman, Jonathan B.; Waters, Valerie

doi:10.1128/aac.01428-15

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These studies, in the light of our results showing long-lasting high abundance of AMPs in Tenebrio, are consistent with the idea that the composition of the antimicrobial cocktails reflects synergistic interactions. Using a suite of commercially available AMPs, including cecropin and mellitin as insect AMPs, it was found that AMPs are broadly synergistic [36]. Synergism was even more pronounced in mixtures of three AMPs in comparisons with combinations of two AMPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial defence and persistent infection in insects revisited

Makarova

Rodríguez‐Rojas

Eravci

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 13 to a theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'. Insects show long-lasting antimicrobial immune responses that follow the initial fast-acting cellular processes. These immune responses are discussed to provide a form of phrophylaxis and/or to serve as a safety measure against persisting infections. The duration and components of such longlasting responses have rarely been studied in detail, a necessary prerequisite to understand their adaptive value. Here, we present a 21 day proteomic time course of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor immune-challenged with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. The most upregulated peptides are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), many of which are still highly abundant 21 days after infection. The identified AMPs included toll and imd-mediated AMPs, a significant number of which have no known function against S. aureus or other Gram-positive bacteria. The proteome reflects the selective arena for bacterial infections. The results also corroborate the notion of synergistic interactions in vivo that are difficult to model in vitro.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial defence and persistent infection in insects revisited

Makarova

Rodríguez‐Rojas

Eravci

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Note that discontinuation may be related to adverse events (e.g., trovafloxacin) or to economical and market reasons. Some of these antibiotics (or other quinolones that have not been approved or are in the investigational phase) may be considered in special circumstances as last-resort treatment (454). Note that in all the cases, the data listed refer only to the United States and the European Union (including the United Kingdom at the time of writing).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this line, a curious phenomenon of paradoxical bacterial survival has been described in the presence of extremely high levels of (45,87,88,90,101,461). In several cases, these findings have led to the discontinuation of research, withdrawal from clinical practice, and strong restrictions to specific nonsystemic applications (such as topical or ophthalmic), to serious life-or limb-threatening infections, or to last-resort applications, such as compassionate use of several of these quinolones (45,100,454,462,463). Note that these regulations may differ among different countries.…”

Section: Quinolone Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance from 1998 Onward

Ruiz

2019

Clin Microbiol Rev

115

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SUMMARY While the description of resistance to quinolones is almost as old as these antimicrobial agents themselves, transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) remained absent from the scenario for more than 36 years, appearing first as sporadic events and afterward as epidemics. In 1998, the first TMQR was soundly described, that is, QnrA. The presence of QnrA was almost anecdotal for years, but in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, there was an explosion of TMQR descriptions, which definitively changed the epidemiology of quinolone resistance. Currently, 3 different clinically relevant mechanisms of quinolone resistance are encoded within mobile elements: (i) target protection, which is mediated by 7 different families of Qnr (QnrA, QnrB, QnrC, QnrD, QnrE, QnrS, and QnrVC), which overall account for more than 100 recognized alleles; (ii) antibiotic efflux, which is mediated by 2 main transferable efflux pumps (QepA and OqxAB), which together account for more than 30 alleles, and a series of other efflux pumps (e.g., QacBIII), which at present have been sporadically described; and (iii) antibiotic modification, which is mediated by the enzymes AAC(6′)Ib-cr, from which different alleles have been claimed, as well as CrpP, a newly described phosphorylase.

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“…Bc infections are often difficult to eradicate of control with classical antimicrobial therapies because of Bc's inherent resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents and its propensity to develop drug resistance [6]. One practice for eradication is to start a two-week course of antibiotics with three different agents, one of those usually being co-trimoxazole [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%