Clinic–Epidemiologic Study of Human Infection by Granada Virus, a New Phlebovirus within the Sandfly Fever Naples Serocomplex

Abstract

Abstract. Granada virus (GRV), a new phlebovirus within the Naples serocomplex, has been recently described in phlebotomine sandflies from Spain. The presence of anti-GRV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was investigated by indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) and neutralization test (NT) in 920 serum samples from the Granada population. By IFA, an overall GRV seroprevalence of 15.8% (N = 145) was observed, significantly increasing up to 65 years. NT was positive in 18% of anti-GRV IFA-positive samples. IgG antibodies against Toscana virus (TOSV), a hyperendemic phlebovirus within Granada province, were detected in 40% of anti-GRV-positive cases. Anti-GRV IgM antibodies were detected in 36 (6.6%) of 547 acute-phase serum samples from individuals with febrile illness, exanthema, and/or acute respiratory infection. All positives were anti-TOSV IgM-negative. GRV may infect humans, with most cases being asymptomatic. The codetection of anti-GRV and anti-TOSV IgG antibodies could be attributable to cross-reactivity or exposure to the same transmission vector.

Co-Circulation of Toscana Virus and Punique Virus in Northern Tunisia: A Microneutralisation-Based Seroprevalence Study

“…A total of 1,273 sera were tested using MN assay, with the two viruses independently. In agreement with other studies [27], [28], we determined an “a priori” cut-off value at titre 20, and analysed our results according to the observed MN titre. The vast majority of sera containing NT-Ab were found to be more reactive toward TOSV than to PUNV.…”

Phlebovirus and Leishmania detection in sandflies from eastern Thrace and northern Cyprus

“…Besides the widely-dispersed SFSV and TOSV, a vast diversity of phleboviruses has been revealed in sandflies in the endemic regions, which include Salehabad, Karimabad and Tehran viruses in Iran, Corfu virus in Greece, Arbia virus in Italy, Massilia virus in France, Granada virus in Spain, Punique and Utique viruses in Tunisia, Adria virus in Albania, as well as other putative isolates [8,28,29,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. Recently-identified Fermo virus in Italy as well as Provencia and Olbia viruses in France and Saddaguia virus in Tunisia have also been included in the list of tentative local viruses [65][66][67].…”

“…In the Old World, sandfly fever can be caused by several phlebovirus strains such as sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) and sandfly fever Naples Virus (SFNV), sandfly fever Cyprus virus (SFCV) and sandfly fever Turkey virus (SFTV) [3]. Moreover, Toscana virus (TOSV), Granada virus and Adria virus are reported to be associated with phlebovirus-induced febrile conditions as well [7][8][9]. Although mortality or residual sequelea are rare, sandfly fever continues to be an highly-incapacitating and debilitating disease that can significantly affect the indigenous populations as well as travellers [3,6].…”

Sandfly Fever: A Mini Review

“…Sandfly Cyprus virus (SFCV) and recently defined Sandfly Turkey viruses (SFTV) seem to be variants of SFSV; the SFTV shows 98% and 91.8% nucleotide homology in S segment to SFCV and SFSV prototype strain Sabin respectively [1,21,22]. A Granada Virus (GRV) is reported from Spain recently and seems to be close to SFNV group [7]. Other recently found examples include Massilia virus from France and Punigue virus from Tunisia [8,9].…”

“…Unless it causes neurologic involvement, the disease is usually self-limited and results with good outcome but still it causes a certain degree of morbidity and the clinic looks severe at the time of the presentation and needs a lot of initial clinical and laboratory work to clear out the diagnosis [1]. The sandfly fever has a great public health importance in endemic areas and with growing attention and awareness, the new antigenically distinct serotypes are identified from different countries in Europe, southeast Asia, central Asia and Africa [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The disease also became very important from the aspect of traveler's health and military medicine [14][15][16][17].…”