Clinical Anatomy of the Extradural Neural Axis Compartment: A Literature Review

Bond, Jacob D.; Zhang, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.095

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Perineural spread constitutes a pathway for paraspinal tumour extension [ 12 ]. The complex anatomy of the nerves explains the technical surgical difficulty of complete excision without spinal nerve or sympathetic chain injury.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 ). At the intervertebral foramen, the paraspinal space opens into the extradural neural axis compartment or epidural space [ 12 ]. At the thoracic level, the paraspinal space is contiguous with the intercostal spaces, allowing tumour extension (Figs.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the value of radiographs in evaluating paraspinal lesions is limited-most of the relevant information being better explored with computed tomography (CT)-they should not be ignored (Figs. 11,12,13) [18,21]. Firstly, a standing radiograph is the only modality that gives a functional overview of the spine and provides insight into the overall morphology of the spine.…”

Section: Radiographsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT is useful in evaluating the paraspinal mass matrix and adjacent bone changes (Figs. 12,13,15). CT evaluates the presence of soft tissue calcifications or ossifications within the tumour and determines its morphological characteristics (osteoid, chondroid, dystrophic) [21].…”

Section: Ct Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding a mass in the paraspinal region: an anatomical approach

Creze,

Ghaouche,

Missenard

et al. 2023

Insights Imaging

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The paraspinal region encompasses all tissues around the spine. The regional anatomy is complex and includes the paraspinal muscles, spinal nerves, sympathetic chains, Batson’s venous plexus and a rich arterial network. A wide variety of pathologies can occur in the paraspinal region, originating either from paraspinal soft tissues or the vertebral column. The most common paraspinal benign neoplasms include lipomas, fibroblastic tumours and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Tumour-like masses such as haematomas, extramedullary haematopoiesis or abscesses should be considered in patients with suggestive medical histories. Malignant neoplasms are less frequent than benign processes and include liposarcomas and undifferentiated sarcomas. Secondary and primary spinal tumours may present as midline expansile soft tissue masses invading the adjacent paraspinal region. Knowledge of the anatomy of the paraspinal region is of major importance since it allows understanding of the complex locoregional tumour spread that can occur via many adipose corridors, haematogenous pathways and direct contact. Paraspinal tumours can extend into other anatomical regions, such as the retroperitoneum, pleura, posterior mediastinum, intercostal space or extradural neural axis compartment. Imaging plays a crucial role in formulating a hypothesis regarding the aetiology of the mass and tumour staging, which informs preoperative planning. Understanding the complex relationship between the different elements and the imaging features of common paraspinal masses is fundamental to achieving a correct diagnosis and adequate patient management. This review gives an overview of the anatomy of the paraspinal region and describes imaging features of the main tumours and tumour-like lesions that occur in the region.

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Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%