Clinical and Anatomic Study of Avitaminosis a Among the Chinese

Sweet, Lewis K.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1935.01970090129013

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The effect of vitamin A on mucosal immunity in human subjects has not been addressed. The results of autopsy studies of children obtained from the older literature suggest that vitamin A deficiency is associated with alterations in the gut epithelia (Blackfan & Wolbach, 1933;Sweet & K'ang, 1935), but it is likely that other concomitant nutritional abnormalities were present at time of death. A mouse model using epizootic diarrhoea of infant mice rotavirus strain has been used to gain an insight into the effects of vitamin A status on immunity to infection.…”

Section: Diarrhoeal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections

1999

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fax +1 410 955 0629, email rdsemba@jhmi.edu Studies in animal models and cell lines show that vitamin A and related retinoids play a major role in immunity, including expression of mucins and keratins, lymphopoiesis, apoptosis, cytokine expression, production of antibody, and the function of neutrophils, natural killer cells, monocytes or macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. Recent clinical trials suggest that vitamin A supplementation reduces morbidity and mortality in different infectious diseases, such as measles, diarrhoeal disease, measles-related pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus infection and malaria. Immune responses vary considerably during different infections, and the available data suggest that the modulation of immune function by vitamin A may also vary widely, depending on the type of infection and immune responses involved.

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Section: Diarrhoeal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections

1999

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“…Indeed, vitamin A plays a crucial role in the maintenance of anatomic barriers. Vitamin A deficiency may increase susceptibility to mucosal infections [38][39][40][41][42][43] because of defective post-mitotic cellular differentiation of epithelial and mesenchymatous cells; i.e., fiber proteins instead of mucus would be synthesized [44,45] and this would lead to keratinization and metaplasia of epithelial areas [43].…”

Section: Vitamin a And Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Deficiency and Immunity.

Dhur¹,

Galán²,

Herçberg³

1991

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…In humans, most of the understanding of vitamin A-related immunodeficiency comes from studies involving children rather than adults. Autopsy studies in children have shown that vitamin A deficiency is associated with atrophy of the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen Sweet and K'ang, 1955). Vitamin A deficiency is often associated with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), making it difficult to attribute these pathologic alterations in the immune system to vitamin A deficiency alone.…”

Section: Vitamin a Deficiency As An Immunodeficiency Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin A deficiency is associated with widespread alterations in mucosal surfaces, including that of the eye , oropharynx, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract Sweet and K'ang, 1955). Pathologic changes in the conjunctiva associated with night blindness include keratinizing metaplasia of the conjunctiva and loss of goblet cells and mucus .…”

Section: Vitamin a Deficiency As An Immunodeficiency Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

Poos¹,

Costello²,

Carlson-Newberry³

1999

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The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The image adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is based on a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.Cover: Resting monocyte/macrophage being activated to produce proinflammatory cytokines which form complexes with receptor binding proteins. Adapted from COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCHROBERT O. NESHEIM (Chair, through June 30, 1998) (FNB), Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Other workshops or symposia have included such topics as food components to enhance performance; nutritional needs in hot, cold, and high-altitude environments; body composition and physical performance; nutrition and physical performance; cognitive testing methodology; and fluid replacement and heat stress. These workshops form part of the response that the CMNR provides to the Commander, U. HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEEThe CMNR was established in October 1982 following a request by the Assistant Surgeon General of the Army that the Board on Military Supplies of the National Academy of Sciences set up a special committee. The purpose of this committee was to advise the U.S. Department of Defense on the need for and conduct of nutrition research and related issues. The CMNR was transferred to the FNB in 1983. The CMNR's current tasks are• to identify nutritional factors that may critically influence the physical and mental performance of military personnel under all environmental extremes,• to identify deficiencies in the existing database, • to recommend research that would remedy these deficiencies as well as approaches for studying the relationship of diet to physical and mental performance, and• to review and advise on standards for military feeding systems.Within this context, the CMNR was asked to focus on nutrient requirements for performance during operational missions rather than requirements for military personnel in garrison (the latter were judged to be not significantly different from those of the civilian population).Although the membership of the committee has changed periodically, the disciplines represented consistently have included human nutrition, nutritional biochemistry, performance physiology, food science, and psychology. For issues that require broader expertise than exists within the committee, the CMNR has convened workshops or utilized consultants. The workshops provide additional state-of-the-art scientific information and informed opinion for the consideration of the committee. COMMITTEE TASKS AND PROCEDURESThe request for this review of nutrition and immune function and its application to military operations originated with Army scientists from USARIEM and USAMRMC. In December 1995, a committee subgroup of the CMNR participated in a series of conference calls with USARIEM, USAMRMC, and other CMNR members to identify the key areas that should be reviewed and to solicit suggestions for names...

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Clinical and Anatomic Study of Avitaminosis a Among the Chinese

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections

Vitamin A and immunity to viral, bacterial and protozoan infections

Vitamin A Deficiency and Immunity.

Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

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