“…All-cause mortality and cardiac mortality were significantly increased in those patients even with mild preoperative renal dysfunction during 18 years of follow-up [16]. Drug-eluting stents have now been applied to almost all types of coronary lesions in patients with various clinical presentations, leading to an improvement in outcomes even for those at high risk (e.g., diabetes and acute coronary syndrome) [17,18]. Several observational studies demonstrated that use of drug-eluting stents could significantly reduce restenosis and TVR rates in patients with moderate renal impairment or even on dialysis, [19][20][21] but benefit on long-term prognosis in these patients has not been well established.…”