Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Congenital Heart Diseases in the 0-12-Year Age Group in a Tertiary Care Medical Institute in Eastern India: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background This study aimed to determine the clinical and echocardiography profile of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) among admitted children as well as patients presenting to the outpatient department of the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, which is a tertiary care and apex institute located in Bihar, India. Methodology A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January 2019 to January 2021. In total, 200 patients aged 0-12 were enrolled in the study. The study design was exploratory, with a proforma drafted to study patients with features suggestive of CHDs. All pediatric echocardiography was performed by a trained cardiologist. Records were obtained from the departmental record-keeping register, and reports were available for analyzing the data. For data collection, cardiology and pediatric department registers were reviewed and all CHD data were collected. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Of the 200 children with CHDs, 142 were diagnosed to have acyanotic heart disease (ACHD), while 58 had cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Among 200 cases of CHD, ventricular septal defect (VSD) constituted 62 cases comprising 31% of the total CHD cases and 44% of all ACHD cases. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was the second most common CHD comprising 23% of all CHD cases. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) constituted 23 cases accounting for 11.5% of all CHD cases. It was the most common CCHD. Based on the age at the time of presentation, 90 (45%) cases were diagnosed below one year of age. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was most common in ACHD comprising 30% compared to CCHD in which only 7% of cases had CHF. This finding was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Analyzing the symptoms of different CHDs, of both ACHDs and CCHDs, the common symptoms were fast breathing (38%). Conclusions Among ACHD patients, 31% VSD and 21% ASD were noted. In CCHD, TOF was the most common with 11.5% of cases. Respiratory tract conditions were the most common comorbidities encountered. Because this is one of the first studies conducted in Bihar in the pediatric age group, it can help know the prevalence of CHDs in this region and will be useful for developing policies by stakeholders.

Bacteriological Profile of Clinically Suspected Septicemia Among Neonates and the Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Their Isolates: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Jharkhand

“…The most prevalent Grampositive organism was discovered to be S. aureus. In both EONS and LONS, S. aureus was isolated in the majority of cases [33], followed by P. aeruginosa (1.96%), and E. faecium (0.98%) [34].…”

Clinical profile of congenital heart diseases detected in a tertiary hospital in China: a retrospective analysis

“…Our data share some variance with other studies (Table 2). Of all CHD types, ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in children (21,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), accounting for 17.4% of all CHD cases in our study.…”

“…Recently, advances in cardiovascular diagnostics and medical treatments have critically improved the survival rate and the quality of life of patients with CHDs (18,19). Thus, understanding the clinical profile of CHDs is important for better management of these diseases (20,21).…”

Relationship between G protein level with left ventricular systolic function in children with acyanotic heart disease

“…CHD is a disease with abnormalities in the heart structure or circulatory function of the heart carried from birth caused by disruption or failure of the development of the heart Short Communication structure in the early phases of fetal development [6,7]. There are two large groups of CHDs: the acyanotic and cyanotic types, the acyanotic type makes up the biggest part of all congenital heart diseases, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and atrial septal defect (ASD) [8,9]. Clinical manifestations of CHD in children vary widely, from asymptomatic to severe symptoms such as shortness of breath, difficulty sucking milk, frequent pulmonary infections, and growth disorders to congestive heart failure [1,10].…”